Gut microbiome-based strategies for host health and disease

Abstract

Host health and disease are influenced by changes in the abundance and structure of intestinal flora. Current strategies are focused on regulating the structure of intestinal flora to ensure host health by alleviating disease. However, these strategies are limited by multiple factors, such as host genotype, physiology (microbiome, immunity, and gender), intervention, and diet. Accordingly, we reviewed the prospects and limitations of all strategies regulating the structure and abundance of microflora, including probiotics, prebiotics, diet, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, and phages. Some new technologies that can improve these strategies are also introduced. Compared with other strategies, diets and prebiotics are associated with reduced risk and high security. Besides, phages have the potential for application in the targeted regulation of intestinal microbiota due to their high specificity. Notably, the variability in individual microflora and their metabolic response to different interventions should be considered. Future studies should use artificial intelligence combined with multi-omics to investigate the host genome and physiology based on factors, such as blood type, dietary habits, and exercise, in order to develop individualized intervention strategies to improve host health.

Keywords:

• Fecal microbiota transplantation
• gut microbiota
• multi-omics
• prebiotics
• probiotics

Author contributions

Chen Wang and Junying Bai: Investigation, Data curation, Writing-Original draft preparation. Xiaoyong Chen: Visualization, Investigation. Jiajia Song: Supervision, Conceptualization. Yu Zhang: Supervision, Conceptualization. Hongwei Wang: Supervision. Chen Wang: Writing-Reviewing and Editing, Supervision. Huayi Suo: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by University Innovation Research Group in Chongqing: (CXQT21007), Key Construction Disciplines of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chongqing (2021-4322190044), Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Tibet Autonomous Region [grant numbers XZ202201ZD0001N].