Strategies for Preventing Disproportionate Exclusions of African American Students

Abstract

The authors studied changes in disproportionate exclusion of African American students, compared with their White peers, in relation to implementation of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support using data from 46 schools. They measured (a) exclusion through suspension and expulsion data collected with the Schoolwide Information System; (b) Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support implementation through the Effective Behavior Support Survey completed by staff members; and (c) disproportionality with the relative rate index. Standard linear multiple regression analyses with the relative rate index as the outcome variable and Effective Behavior Support Survey items as predictors indicated specific Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support strategies, such as praise and positive reinforcement, were associated with reductions in disproportionate exclusions. Follow-up analyses with a subsample of eight schools that increased their Effective Behavior Support average score while decreasing their relative rate index identified additional strategies that hold promise for reducing disproportionate exclusion of African American students.

Keywords:

• African American
• positive reinforcement
• relative rate index
• Schoolwide Information System
• suspension

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support and assistance from Robert Horner, Seth May, Joseph Boland, and others at Educational and Community Supports. This research was supported in part by U.S. Department of Education grant H326S030002. Opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department of Education, and no official endorsement by the Department should be inferred.

Notes

1. For more information, visit http://www.swis.org.

2. For more information, visit http://nces.ed.gov.

3. For current versions, visit http://www.pbssurveys.org/pages/SelfAssessmentSurvey.aspx and http://pbis.org.

4. For details, visit http://www.pbis.org/evaluation/evaluation_tools.aspx.

5. For more information, visit http://www.pbis.org/school/district_level.aspx.

6. For more information, visit http://www.tolerance.org/tdsi/about_tdsi.