Influences of Thinning, Chipping, and Fire on Understory Vegetation in a Sierran Mixed Conifer Stand

Abstract

Thinning implemented with a cut-to-length harvesting system coupled with on-site slash chipping and redistribution and followed by prescribed underburning were assessed for their impacts on a shrub understory in an uneven-aged Sierra Nevada mixed conifer stand. Overstory species consisted of California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.), incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.), and red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.), while huckleberry oak (Quercus vacciniifolia Kellogg) was predominant among 10 understory shrubs. Herbaceous species were entirely absent from the site for the 4-yr duration of the study. The mechanized treatments exerted minimal detriment effects on overall understory cover and weight, and for prostrate ceanothus (Ceanothus prostratus Benth.) and creeping snowberry (Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.)—two of the lesser shrubs—were stimulatory. In contrast, losses to the total understory from the underburn amounted to two-thirds of cover and weight in the absence of the mechanized treatments and more than three-quarters where they had been implemented, with huckleberry oak prevalence especially diminished. For almost all of the understory species individually as well as for the total, greater pretreatment abundance predisposed greater posttreatment prevalence. Results of this study provide insight into the understory impacts of restoration treatments that are deemed especially appropriate for sensitive sites in western U.S. forests.

Keywords:

• understory plant community
• Sierra Nevada mixed conifer
• stand density management
• slash mastication
• prescribed fire

Acknowledgments

Support for this research was provided by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program, and the USDA Forest Service. The authors are indebted to G. Fernandez, J. Ray, C. Sarman, the USDA Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, and CTL Enterprises for their assistance.