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ABSTRACT
Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Achillea millefolium was characterized by means of gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. A new compound, dihydro-a-cyclogeranyl hexanoate, along with 24 known were isolated from the essential oils A.millefolium. The new compound and borneol (known main component) were also subjected to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The new compound was particularly active against Escherichia coli, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration value. The new compound exhibited a higher activity in each antioxidant system with a special attention for β-carotene bleaching test, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing power. The new compound exhibited a potent nitric oxide scavenging effect and inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. These results indicated that dihydro-a-cyclogeranyl hexanoate might be applicable in natural medicine and healthy food.