Installation of platform screen doors and their impact on indoor air quality: Seoul subway trains

Abstract

In this study, variations of particulate matter (PM) concentrations in subway trains following installation of platform screen doors (PSDs) in the Seoul subway system were investigated. PM samples were collected in the trains on subway lines 1–8 before and after installation of PSDs. It was found that the mean PM₁₀ concentration in the trains after PSDs installation increased significantly by 29.9% compared to that before installation. In particular, the increase of PM₁₀ in line 6 was the highest at 103%. When the relationship between PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was compared, coefficients of determination (r²) before and after PSDs installations were 0.696 and 0.169, respectively. This suggests that air mixing between the platform and the tunnel after PSDs installation was extremely restricted. In addition, the indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio following PSDs installation increased from 1.32 to 2.97 relative to the period with no installed PSDs. Furthermore, this study revealed that PM levels in subway trains increased significantly after all underground PSDs were put in use. Several potential factors were examined that could result in this PM increase, such as train ventilation systems, operational conditions, passenger volume, subway depth, and the length of underground segments.

Implications

PM₁₀ concentrations inside the subway trains increased after PSDs installation. This indicates that air quality in trains was very seriously impacted by PSDs. PM₁₀ levels were also influenced by the tunnel depth and length of the underground segments. To prevent the adverse effect on human health by PM₁₀ emitted from the tunnel, an applicable ventilation system to reduce PM₁₀ is required inside trains and tunnels.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Youn-Suk Son

Youn-Suk Son and Hyung Joo Lee are postdoctoral research fellows in the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Jae-Sik Jeon

Jae-Sik Jeon is a doctor of Chemical Engineering and a director of Water Environment Research Department and In-Cheol Ryu is a doctor of Environmental Engineering and an Environmental Researcher of Atmospheric Environment Research Department at Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea.

Hyung Joo Lee

Youn-Suk Son and Hyung Joo Lee are postdoctoral research fellows in the Department of Environmental Health at Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

In-Cheol Ryu

Jae-Sik Jeon is a doctor of Chemical Engineering and a director of Water Environment Research Department and In-Cheol Ryu is a doctor of Environmental Engineering and an Environmental Researcher of Atmospheric Environment Research Department at Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Seoul, Korea.

Jo-Chun Kim

Jo-Chun Kim is a professor in the Department of Environmental Engineering at Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.