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Culture and Education
Cultura y Educación
Volume 34, 2022 - Issue 3
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POSITION PAPER / ARTÍCULO DE POSICIÓN

Disguising success or experiencing failure: how should we understand social and educational inclusion? (Disfrazar el éxito o vivir el fracaso: ¿cómo debería entenderse la inclusión social y educativa?)

Pages 515-527 | Received 08 Nov 2021, Accepted 14 Feb 2022, Published online: 01 Jun 2022
 

ABSTRACT

From the 1990s onwards, inclusive education began to spread in many countries in line with the guidelines of various international organizations. These organizations came to recognize society as essentially diverse, and the need for education that catered for this diversity in an equitable manner so that no one was left out. However, this model had to be made compatible with other reforms geared towards the training of competitive individuals in an increasingly demanding labour market. This meant that inclusion ended up being reduced to individual training. Based on this fact, this article attempts to show that inclusion conceived in this way cannot truly be inclusion, since there needs to be an evaluative hierarchy regarding human abilities that prevents all of them from being socially recognized in the same way. We conclude by proposing an alternative education model that focuses on failure and vulnerability, rather than ability, in order to be truly inclusive.

RESUMEN

A partir de la década de los 90, la educación inclusiva se extendió por muchos países en respuesta a las directrices emitidas por diversas organizaciones internacionales. Estas organizaciones habían reconocido la sociedad actual como una sociedad esencialmente diversa y, por tanto, la necesidad de una educación que tuviese en cuenta esta diversidad de forma equitativa, de modo que nadie se viese excluido. No obstante, este modelo debía ser compatible con otras reformas dirigidas a formar personas competitivas en un mercado laboral cada vez más exigente. Así, se acabó reduciendo la inclusión a la capacitación individual. Partiendo de este hecho, este artículo trata de mostrar que la inclusión concebida como mera capacitación individual no puede considerarse verdadera inclusión, puesto que ha de contar con una jerarquía valorativa de las capacidades humanas que obstaculiza la consideración social equitativa de todas ellas. Se concluye con la propuesta de un modelo educativo alternativo, centrado en el fracaso y la vulnerabilidad, en lugar de la capacidad, a fin de ser verdaderamente inclusivo.

Disclosure statement / Conflicto de intereses

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author. / El autor no ha referido ningún potencial conflicto de interés en relación con este artículo.

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