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Articles

A case study showing how one young child represented issues concerned with attachment and separation in her spontaneous explorations

Pages 147-162 | Published online: 26 Mar 2009
 

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a case study of a young child, demonstrating evidence of a connection between enveloping objects and understanding presence and absence of a temporary and permanent nature. The starting point for the researcher was: an interest in identifying schemas or repeated patterns in order to understand cognitive development and; a curiosity as to why young children explore certain schemas at particular times, sometimes quite extensively. Eight children were observed systematically over time. Video observations were viewed by the researcher alongside the children's parents and workers to make tentative connections between cognition and affect (Jordan and Henderson Citation1995). In order to link cognition and affect, the author drew on schematic theory (Piaget Citation1956, Citation1951; Athey Citation1990, Citation2007) and psychoanalytic theory (Bowlby Citation1997; Winnicott Citation1960, Citation1991). The paper shows how the biological patterns (schemas) are fleshed out by each child's socio‐cultural context, thereby drawing on a third strand, the work of Vygotsky (Citation1978, Citation1986).

RÉSUMÉ: Cet article présente une étude de cas d'un jeune enfant, visant à démontrer l'existence d'une relation entre l'enveloppement d'objets et la compréhension de la présence et l'absence d'une nature temporaire et permanente. Le point de départ de la recherche a été l'identification de schèmes ou de patterns répétés afin de comprendre le développement cognitif et les raisons de l'exploration par les jeunes enfants de certains schèmes, parfois très exhaustive, à des moments particuliers. Huit enfants ont été observés systématiquement pendant un certain temps. Les observations enregistrées en vidéo ont été visionnées par le chercheur avec les parents et les éducateurs des enfants afin d'établir d'éventuelles relations entre la cognition et l'affect (Jordan et Henderson Citation1995). Pour ce faire, l'auteur s'est inspiré de la théorie des schèmes (Piaget Citation1956, Citation1951; Athey Citation1990, Citation2007) et de la théorie psychanalytique (Bowlby Citation1997; Winnicott Citation1960, Citation1991). L'article montre la façon dont le contexte socioculturel de chaque enfant enrichit les patterns biologiques (les schèmes) en s'appuyant sur un troisième courant, l'oeuvre de Vygotsky (Citation1978, Citation1986).

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: In diesem Artikel wird eine Untersuchung dargestellt, die bei kleinen Kindern durchgeführt wurde, um den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Akt des Einwickelns von Objekten und dem Verständnis der zeitweiligen und der permanenten Gegenwart und Abwesenheit des Objekts zu demonstrieren. Der Ausgangspunkt des Wissenschaftlers war der Versuch, Schemata oder Wiederholungsmuster zu identifizieren, um die kognitive Entwicklung zu verstehen, sowie, warum kleine Kinder gewisse Schemata zu bestimmten Zeiten untersuchen, manchmal sehr vertieft. Acht Kinder wurden einen gewissen Zeitraum lang systematisch beobachtet. Der Wissenschaftler schaute sich zusammen mit den Eltern und Lehrern der Kinder Videoaufnahmen an, um versuchsweise Zusammenhänge zwischen Kognition und Affekten zu ermitteln (Jordan und Henderson Citation1995). Zur Verbindung von Kognition und Affekt zog der Autor die Schema‐Theorie (Piaget Citation1956, Citation1951; Atahey Citation1990, Citation2007) und die psychoanalytische Theorie (Bowlby Citation1997; Winnicott Citation1960, Citation1991) heran. Es wird gezeigt, wie biologische Muster (Schemata) durch den soziokulturellen Kontext jeden Kindes erweitert werden, wobei auf einen dritten theoretischen Strang, die Arbeit von Vygotsky (Citation1978, Citation1986) Bezug genommen wird.

RESUMEN: En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre un niño pequeño, para demostrar la existencia de una conexión entre el hecho de envolver objetos y la comprensión de la presencia y la ausencia, tanto temporaria como permanente. El punto de partida del investigador fue tratar de identificar esquemas o modelos repetidos, con el fin de comprender el desarrollo cognitivo, y entender por qué los niños pequeños exploran ciertos esquemas en determinados momentos de un modo bastante exhaustivo. Se observaron sistemáticamente a ocho niños, durante un período de tiempo determinado. El investigador visionó grabaciones en video, junto con los padres y los educadores de los niños, para establecer posibles conexiones entre la cognición y el afecto (Jordan y Henderson Citation1995). Para ello, recurrió a la teoría esquemática (Piaget Citation1956, Citation1951; Athey Citation1990, Citation2007) y a la teoría psicoanalítica (Bowlby Citation1997; Winnicott Citation1960, Citation1991), El artículo muestra el aporte del contexto sociocultural de cada niño sobre los modelos biológicos (esquemas), para lo cual recurre a una tercera corriente, el trabajo de Vygotsky (Citation1978, Citation1986).

Acknowledgements

The study of the well being and resilience of 58 children over four years at the Pen Green Nursery was partly funded by the Esmee Fairbairn Foundation and further funded and fully supported by the Pen Green Research Base (Pen Green Citation2004). The participation by children, parents and workers from the Pen Green Nursery was invaluable to every aspect of the project.

I would like to thank the children, parents and workers from the Pen Green Nursery, who took part in this small part of the study, especially Sam, her Family Worker and her parents. I would also like to acknowledge the huge support, discussions and feedback from my co‐researchers in the Pen Green Research Base as well as the work time and funding provided by the Pen Green Research Base that enabled me to carry out this small part of the study.

This study was carried out by a Practitioner Researcher employed by the Pen Green Research, Development and Training Base. The study was carried out at the Pen Green Nursery, Rockingham Road, Corby, Northants, England, NN17 1AG.

Notes

1. This paper was first presented in Dublin in 2005. Schemas or repeated patterns mentioned are underlined in the text.

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