A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Music Listening on Procedural Pain, Anxiety and Comfort Levels during Cystoscopy

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the effect of music listening on procedural pain intensity, anxiety, and comfort levels in patients during cystoscopy. This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomly assigned to either a control or music group. The outcome measures were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale, State Anxiety Scale, and General Comfort Questionnaire. A total of 36 patients in each group completed the study. The mean scores of pain in the music and control groups immediately after cystoscopy were 3.22 (SD, 1.72) and 5.22 (SD, 1.92), respectively. A statistically significant difference (between-group effect) was found, indicating that pain scores in the music group were significantly lower than those of the control group (group: F = 15.756, p < .001). However, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding anxiety and comfort scores 20 min after cystoscopy (t₁ = 1.156, p = .526; t₁ = −0.586, p = .560, respectively). Music listening is a safe, economical, and effective method in pain management in patients undergoing cystoscopy.

KEYWORDS:

• Anxiety
• comfort levels
• cystoscopy
• music listening
• pain

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank to all the nurses working in the urology service of the hospital.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

There is no funding.