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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Katherine Fobear ([email protected]) is an Associate Professor of Women’s Studies, Fresno State University. Her research and activism focus on the intersections of race, sexuality, and gender in migration and transitional justice. Her most recent work is with LGBTQ refugees and undocumented persons in Canada and transgender homeless in California’s Central Valley. She is the author of several journal articles regarding transitional justice and oral history, most notably in The Journal of Homosexuality (2012), Journal of Human Rights Practice (2013), Refuge (2014), & Women’s Studies International Forum (2017).
Erin Baines ([email protected]) is the Ivan Head South North Chair and Associate Professor in the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs (SPPGA). Her research areas include the politics of storytelling and memory, veterans, sexual violence in armed conflict and she is the author of Vulnerable Bodies: Gender, the UN and the Global Refugee Crisis (Ashgate, 2017) and Buried in the Heart: Women, Complex Victimhood and the War in Northern Uganda (Cambridge, 2017).
Notes
1 Michelle Bachelet, quoted in Laura Jarriel, ‘Violence against the LGBTI Community: UN Focuses on “Need to Challenge Hatred”’, UN News, September 25, 2018, https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1020592 (accessed June 28, 2019).
2 Kelly Kollman and Matthew Waites, ‘The Global Politics of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Human Rights: An introduction’, Contemporary politics 15, no. 1 (2009): 1–17.
3 Ryan R. Thoreson. Transnational LGBT Activism: Working for Sexual Rights Worldwide. (Wisconsin: University of Minnesota Press, 2014).
4 Human Rights Council resolution 32/2, Protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, A/HRC/RES/32/2 June 30, 2016, https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Discrimination/Pages/LGBTUNResolutions.aspx
5 Jamie J. Hagen, ‘Queering Women, Peace and Security’, International Affairs 92, no. 2 (2016): 313–32; Eduard Jordaan, ‘The Challenge of Adopting Sexual Orientation Resolutions at the UN Human Rights Council’, Journal of Human Rights Practice 8, no 2 (2016): 298–310.
6 Luis Ramon Medos, ‘State-sponsored Homophobia Report’, ILGA, (2019), https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2019.pdf (accessed June 28, 2019).
7 Lynda Johnston and Robin Longhurst, Space, Place and Sex: Geographies of Sexualities (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2009), 115.
8 Katja Kahlina, ‘Local Histories, European LGBT Designs: Sexual Citizenship, Nationalism, and “Europeanisation” in Post-Yugoslav Croatia and Serbia’, in Women's Studies International Forum, vol. 49, (Pergamon, 2015), 73–83; Melinda W. Moore and John R. Barner, ‘Sexual Minorities in Conflict Zones: A Review of the LITERATURE’, Aggression and violent behavior 35 (2017): 33–7; Theresia Thylin, ‘Violence, Toleration, or Inclusion? Exploring Variation in the Experiences of LGBT Combatants in Colombia’, Sexualities (2019): 1363460719830348.
9 Nicole Maier, ‘Queering Colombia's Peace Process: A Case Study of LGBTI Inclusion’, The International Journal of Human Rights (2019): 1–16.
10 Brian Michael Müller, ‘Under Priscilla’s Eyes: State Violence against South Africa’s Queer Community during and after Apartheid’, Image & Text: a Journal for Design 33, no. 1 (2019): 1–36; Nikita Dhawan, ‘Homonationalism and State-phobia: The Postcolonial Predicament of Queering Modernities’, Queering Paradigms V: Queering Narratives of Modernity (2016): 51–68; A. Lind and M. H. Marchand, ‘Engendering Violence in de/hyper-nationalized Spaces: Border militarization, State Territorialization, and Embodied Politics at the US–Mexico border’, in Feminist (Im) Mobilities in Fortress (ing) North America. (Routledge, 2016), 115–34.
11 G. Zomorodi, ‘Responding to LGBT forced migration in East Africa’, Forced Migration Review 52 (2016): 91; Kalemba Kizito, ‘Bequeathed Legacies: Colonialism and State led Homophobia in Uganda’, Surveillance & Society 15, no. 3/4 (2017): 567–72; J. Nagle, ‘What are the Consequences of Consociationalism for Sexual Minorities? An Analysis of Liberal and Corporate Consociationalism and Sexual Minorities in Northern Ireland and Lebanon’, Political Studies 64, no. 4 (2016): 854–71; Bernadette C. Hayes and John Nagle, ‘Ethnonationalism and attitudes Towards Gay and Lesbian Rights in Northern Ireland’, Nations and Nationalism 22, no. 1 (2016): 20–41.
12 Charlayne Hunter-Gault. Corrective Rape: Discrimination, Assault, Sexual Violence, and Murder against South Africa's LGBT Community (Agate Digital, 2015).
13 Duncan Breen, et al., ‘Hate crime in Transitional Societies: The case of South Africa’, The globalization of hate: Internationalizing hate crime (2016): 126–41; Melinda W. Moore and John R. Barner, ‘Sexual Minorities in Conflict Zones: A Review of the Literature’, Aggression and Violent Behavior 35 (2017): 33–7.
14 Catherine O'Rourke, ‘Transitional Justice and Gender’, in Research Handbook on Transitional Justice, eds. Cheryl Lawther, Dov Jacobs, and Luke Moffett (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017): 16–8; Eilish Rooney and Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, ‘Transitional Justice from the Margins: Intersections of Identities, Power and Human Rights’, (2018): 1–8.
15 Paul Gready and Simon Robins, ‘From Transitional to Transformative Justice: A New Agenda for Practice’, International Journal of Transitional Justice 8, no. 3 (2014): 339–61; Pilar Riaño-Alcalá and Erin Baines, ‘Editorial Note, Special Issue on Transitional Justice and the Everday’, International Journal of Transitional Justice 6, no. 3 (2012): 385–93.
16 Arnaud Kurze, ‘The Coming Out of Memory: The Holocaust, Homosexuality, and Dealing with the Past’, KRITIKA KULTURA 33–4 (2019): 761–85.
17 Pascha Bueno-Hansen, ‘The Emerging LGBTI Rights Challenge to Transitional Justice in Latin America’, International Journal of Transitional Justice 12, no. 1 (2017): 126–45.
18 Christine Bell and Catherine O'Rourke, ‘Does feminism Need a Theory of Transitional Justice? An Introductory Essay’, The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1, no. 1 (2007): 23–44.
19 Chiseche Salome Mibenge, Sex and International Tribunals: The Erasure of Gender from the War Narrative (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013); Valerie Oosterveld, ‘The Special Court for Sierra Leone's Consideration of Gender-based Violence: Contributing to transitional justice?’ Human Rights Review 10, no. 1 (2009): 73–98.
20 Jelke Boesten. Sexual Violence during War and Peace: Gender, Power, and Post-Conflict Justice in Peru (Springer, 2014).
21 M. Joel Voss, ‘Contesting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity at the UN Human Rights Council’, Human Rights Review 19, no. 1 (2018): 1–22; Amy Lind. Development, Sexual Rights and Global Governance (Routledge, 2010).