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ABSTRACT
In the process of developing mine resources, mining subsidence is inevitable. The D-InSAR (differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar) technology has been widely used to monitor large-scale ground subsidence in mining areas in recent years. However, the limitations of this technology mean that large-gradient ground subsidence cannot be monitored. This paper describes a weighted total least-squares method that can be used to determine the piecewise linear mapping between GNSS (global navigation satellite system) data and D-InSAR data. This mapping can be applied to optimize the conventional D-InSAR monitoring results, particularly in large-gradient subsidence areas, enabling the mining subsidence to be comprehensively evaluated. The proposed method is used to extract the surface subsidence information for a certain area of the Sihe mine in Shanxi Province, China. It is found that the optimized data is more reliable and accurate than the conventional D-InSAR monitoring data in the case of large-gradient subsidence.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Notes on contributors
Haodi Fan
Haodi Fan received a bachelor's degree in surveying and mapping engineering from School of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China, in 2018, and now studying in the surveying and mapping engineering direction of the resource and environment specialty of the School of Mining Engineering of Taiyuan University of Technology.
Xugang Lian
Xugang Lian received a bachelor's degree in surveying and mapping engineering from Yangquan College of Taiyuan University of Technology, Yangquan, China, in 2007. In 2012, he received a doctor's degree in geodesy and surveying engineering from China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China. He has co-trained a doctor at Curtin University in Australia, a visiting scholar at the University of New South Wales, and an engineer of the Asfa Group in Australia. The main research directions include mining subsidence; 'Air-space-ground 'integrated ground disaster monitoring.
Wenfu Yang
Wenfu Yang, a member of the Communist Party of China, master of engineering, senior engineer, registered surveyor, worked in Shanxi Coal Geological Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Institute after graduation in 1998. He is currently the party committee member and vice president of Shanxi Coal Geological and Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Institute.
Linlin Ge
Linlin Ge received a bachelor's degree (excellent graduates) in optical engineering from Wuhan University of Surveying and Mapping Technology, Wuhan, China, in 1985, a master's degree in crustal deformation from China Earthquake Administration, China, in 1988, and a doctorate in GPS and remote sensing from the University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia, in 2001. From 1997 to 1998, he was engaged in postdoctoral research in the Institute of Meteorology, Japan, funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency. Chief Scientist of Land Bureau of New South Wales, Australia, Associate Professor of School of Surveying and Spatial Information Systems, University of New South Wales. Winner of the 2009 NSW Distinguished Scientist Award. The research interests mainly include: synthetic aperture radar interferometry, airborne laser scanning, microwave and optical remote sensing, building deformation monitoring, dynamic interpretation of fixed-point GPS data (i.e. ‘GPS seismometer'), integration of fixed-point GPS and radar interferometry (InSAR), InSAR atmospheric delay error correction algorithm, and single-frequency GPS observation assisted by dual-frequency GPS data.
Haifeng Hu
Haifeng Hu graduated from Fuxin Mining College, Fuxin, China, in 1986 and worked in Shanxi Mining College. He was the secretary and director of the Department of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology of Taiyuan University of Technology. It is mainly engaged in the monitoring of ground subsidence disasters in mining areas based on 3S technology and the study of surface deformation law and prediction of coal mining in mountainous areas. Main research directions: 1) Research on surface deformation law and prediction method of coal mining in mountainous areas; 2) Research on accurate monitoring of ground disasters in mining areas based on 3S technology; 3) Study on the impact of mining on the ecological environment of the mining area and restoration management.
Zheyuan Du
Zheyuan Du received a bachelor's degree in remote sensing science and technology from China University of Geosciences in 2012, a master's degree in GIS from the University of Edinburgh in 2013, and a doctorate in radar remote sensing from the University of New South Wales in Australia in 2017. He is currently an InSAR scientist at the Australian Earth Sciences Agency and a lecturer at the University of Sydney.