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Abstract
The environmental imperative puts strong pressures on polluting industries in the West. This is also the case for the copper industry, one of the most polluting industries in the world. But how do developing countries respond to the environmental imperative? This article discusses the problems facing the copper industries in two developing countries, Chile and China. It analyzes how the state‐owned copper companies in these countries have responded to the new challenge. Energy saving and environmentally friendly technologies are today available on the world market but they are also costly. To what extent have the two countries invested in these new technologies, and what alternatives exist?