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Feature Articles

The everyday life occupations of older women in social vulnerability in Brazil

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 163-179 | Received 30 Jan 2023, Accepted 14 Nov 2023, Published online: 25 Mar 2024
 

ABSTRACT

Population aging is widely discussed due to the impacts of increased life expectancy, especially in socially vulnerable populations. This descriptive-exploratory qualitative study aims to understand older women’s perceptions of their occupations in a socially vulnerable community. The participants were 11 women, aged 60 years or older, living in Vila Marçola, Aglomerado da Serra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and the content was analyzed by using thematic analysis. Findings indicated four care dimensions: 1) Household care and caring for other people, 2) Community care, 3) Self-care, and 4) Expanding the experiences of care in old age. Older, mostly black, and poor women from Vila Marçola highlighted the unequal living conditions in Brazil. These women were overloaded with occupations, especially paid and unpaid household care, and did not have access to or stability in other occupations. However, retirement allowed them to participate in educational and social projects, increasing their occupational repertoire. This study contributes to the construction of intersectional knowledge in the field of occupational science, expanding the understanding of the socio-cultural dimensions that involve the diversity of people around the world, especially in situations of social vulnerability.

El envejecimiento de la población es un tema debatido con amplitud debido al impacto inherente al aumento de la esperanza de vida, sobre todo en poblaciones socialmente vulnerables. Este estudio cualitativo descriptivo-exploratorio se propuso comprender las percepciones de mujeres mayores de una comunidad socialmente vulnerable sobre sus ocupaciones. En el mismo participaron 11 mujeres de 60 años o más, residentes en Vila Marçola, Aglomerado da Serra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizó el contenido empleando el análisis temático. Los resultados dieron cuenta de cuatro dimensiones de cuidado: 1) Cuidado del hogar y de otras personas, 2) Cuidado de la comunidad, 3) Autocuidado y 4) Ampliación de las experiencias de cuidado en la vejez. Las mujeres mayores de Vila Marçola, en su mayoría negras y pobres, pusieron de relieve las desiguales condiciones de vida en Brasil. Éstas se encontraban sobrecargadas de ocupaciones, especialmente de cuidados domésticos remunerados y no remunerados, y no tenían acceso a otras ocupaciones ni estabilidad en ellas. Sin embargo, la jubilación les permitió participar en ocupaciones escolares y sociales, incrementando su repertorio ocupacional. El presente estudio contribuye a la construcción del conocimiento interseccional en el campo de la ciencia ocupacional, ampliando la comprensión de las dimensiones socioculturales que enmarcan la diversidad de personas en todo el mundo, sobre todo en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social.

RESUME

Le vieillissement de la population fait l'objet de nombreux débats en raison d'une espérance de vie plus longue, en particulier au sein des populations socialement vulnérables. Cette étude qualitative descriptive-exploratoire visait à comprendre les perceptions qu'ont les femmes âgées de leurs occupations dans une communauté socialement vulnérable. Les participantes étaient 11 femmes âgées de 60 ans ou plus, vivant à Vila Marçola, Aglomerado da Serra, Minas Gerais, Brésil. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés et le contenu a été analysé à l'aide d'une analyse thématique. Les résultats ont mis en évidence quatre dimensions du care : 1) le care dans la sphère domestique et le care envers autrui, 2) le care dans la sphère communautaire, 3) le self-care (prendre soin de soi) et 4) l'élargissement des expériences de care au cours de la vieillesse. Les femmes âgées de Vila Marçola, pour la plupart noires et pauvres, ont mis en évidence les inégalités des conditions de vie au Brésil. Ces femmes étaient surchargées d'occupations, en particulier d'activités de care rémunérées et bénévoles dans la sphère domestique, et n'avaient pas accès à d'autres occupations ou n'y trouvaient pas de stabilité. Cependant, la retraite leur a permis de participer à des projets éducatifs et sociaux, augmentant ainsi leur répertoire occupationnel. Cette étude contribue à la construction d'un savoir intersectionnel dans le domaine de la science de l'occupation, en élargissant la compréhension des dimensions socioculturelles qui impliquent la diversité des personnes à travers le monde, en particulier dans les situations de vulnérabilité sociale.

由于预期寿命延长的影响,人口老龄化受到广泛讨论,特别是在社会弱势群体中。 这项描述性探索性定性研究旨在了解社会弱势社区中老年妇女对自己生活活动的看法。 参与者是 11 名年龄在 60 岁或以上的女性,她们居住在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州 Aglomerado da Serra 的 维拉马索拉。 进行了半结构化访谈,并通过主题分析对访谈内容进行分析。 研究结果显示四个护理维度:1)家庭护理和对其他人的护理,2)社区护理,3)自我护理,4)扩大老年护理经验。 来自维拉马索拉的年长女性(主要是黑人)和贫困女性凸显了巴西不平等的生活条件。 这些妇女的生活活动负担过重,尤其是有偿和无偿的家庭护理,并且无法获得其他活动或在其他活动的稳定性。 然而,退休使他们能够参加学校和社会活动,增加了他们的活动技能。 这项研究有助于构建生活活动科学领域的交叉知识,扩大对涉及世界各地人民的,特别是处于社会弱势状态中的人民的,多样性的社会文化维度的理解。

View translated version:
As ocupações da vida cotidiana de mulheres idosas em vulnerabilidade social no Brasil

Translation Disclosure

This article has been translated from the original English into Portuguese by S&L Revisões (Leonardo Lugarinho e Sheila Ferreira) Brazilian professional translators, in consultation with the authors and Dr. Lilian Magalhães, JOS Associate Editor, after completion of review, revision, and acceptance for publication in the Journal of Occupational Science. The Portuguese version is available from https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/rocc20

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Social Assistance Reference Center

2 The income unit represents the amount of minimum wage received monthly. In Brazil, one minimum wage is R$1,320.00, which corresponds to about US$ 259 (January 2023)

3 Criança Esperança (Children Hope) is one of the most popular social projects in Brazil; it aims to transform the future of children and youth in social vulnerability

4 Seu Vizinho (Your neighbour) is a social project from Aglomerado da Serra that perform cultural activities, aiming to favor social inclusion, promote citizenship, reduce vulnerabilities, and rescue and strengthen the local culture

5 Vizinhas das C’antigas (Neighbours of songs) is a group of older women from Vila Marçola, Aglomerado da Serra, within the Seu Vizinho project.

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