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Research Article

Prejudices, social competencies and political orientations in relation to schools’ hidden curriculum

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Pages 277-287 | Published online: 14 Jun 2013
 

Abstract

In the framework of a one-and-a-half year long research and development project implemented by the Kurt Lewin Foundation, we studied the relationships between organizational culture and the hidden curriculum of schools, as well as how students’ knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are connected to active citizenship, democratic values, social and political issues, and questions related to minorities. We were interested to discover whether we could find any connections between school life, teaching competencies, teachers’ knowledge and students’ extreme right sentiments, and political attitudes. According to our hypothesis, students in a more democratic school should hold more democratic views, and should be more open towards minorities, demonstrating more support for human rights and the rule of law. Our research – focusing on graduating student cohorts, studying in secondary schools located in Eastern Hungary – only partly confirmed our hypothesis: the schools involved in the project influenced students’ knowledge, opinions, and attitudes regarding issues within schools. However, with respect to most questions, there was a limited relationship between school environment and student attitudes regarding social-political issues outside the schools. Our research also explored the underlying reasons behind the results and – connected to that – possible ways to ameliorate attitudes, from the school management level to educational policy-making.

A Kurt Lewin Alapítvány másféléves kutatási-fejlesztési programja során megvizsgáltuk, hogy milyen kapcsolat van az iskolák szervezeti kultúrája, rejtett tanterve és a diákok aktív állampolgársággal, demokratikus értékekkel, szociális és politikai kérdésekkel, valamint kisebbségekkel kapcsolatos tudása, vélekedése és attitűdje között. Arra voltunk kíváncsiak, hogy található-e kapcsolat az iskolai élet, a tanítás és a tanárok ismeretei, kompetenciái és attitűdje, valamint a diákok szélsőjobboldalhoz kapcsolódó érzelmei és politikai attitűdje között. Hipotézisünk szerint a demokratikusabb iskolák diákjai maguk is inkább demokratikusak, nyitottabbak a kisebbségek felé, jobban támogatják az emberi jogokat és a jogállami kereteket. Kutatásunk, melyben kelet-magyarországi középiskolák végzős diákjai vettek rész, csak részben igazolta feltevésünket: a programba bevont iskolák a diákok iskolán belüli életére vonatkozóan bírnak befolyásoló hatással a diákok tudására, véleményére és attitűdjeire. Mindazonáltal a legtöbb kérdés esetében az iskola falain kívüli élet társadalmi-politikai ügyeit illetően nincsenek jelentős hatással. Kutatásunk annak is utána járt, hogy milyen magyarázatok találhatók az eredményekre és - ehhez kapcsolódóan - milyen fejlesztési lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre az iskolaigazgatási szinttől egészen az oktatáspolitikai döntéshozásig. Jelen cikkünkben a diákok adott társadalmi-politikai kérdéseket illető attitűdjeire vonatkozó eredményeket és a releváns fejlesztési javaslatokat ismertetjük.

Notes

1. For a description of the concept of active citizenship, see: Active Citizenship Foundation Citation2010, 7. http://www.aktivpolgar.hu/dinamikus/kiadvanyaink_en/A_Europe_of_Active_Citizens_conference_Summary%20Report.pdf.

2. Gimes et al. Citation2009, 6.

3. See Kurt Lewin Foundation 2010.

4. See Népszabadság On-line Citation2011.

5. See Enyedi et al. Citation2005, 373.

6. See Gimes et al. Citation2009, 25.

7. For a more in-depth analysis of the current situation, see: Active Citizenship Foundation 2010.

8. Among the decided voters according to Ipsos Citation2012.

9. See Medián Opinion and Market Research Institute Citation2010.

10. For more details: Human Right First Citation2010.

11. Krekó et al. 2011.

12. See for instance: Synder Citation1971.

13. See Active Citizenship Foundation Citation2010.

14. We looked at the answers of students in graduating classes, since we were particularly interested in the opinions of the ‘almost adult’ pupils who will be the first time voters in the next elections.

15. For more information on the methodology, see Kurt Lewin Foundation 2012a.

16. Scoring the highest points regarding the question ‘How democratic do you consider your school to be?’ on a scale from 1 to 5, (1 = ‘not democratic at all’ to 5 = ‘completely democratic’).

17. For the use of the F scale in Hungarian research see Fábián and Sík Citation1996, 397.

18. Certain words or phrases that were used strategically during recent periods of the Hungarian history and politics – for instance the concept of nation or nationality can be understood in different ways depending on who is speaking and who is being spoken to.

19. See the findings of the roundtable discussions in more detail in Kurt Lewin Foundation Citation2012a.

20. Described in detail in Kurt Lewin Foundation Citation2012b.

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