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Articles

Learner agency and the use of affordances in language-exchange interactions

 

ABSTRACT

Language exchange refers to a learning partnership between two learners with different native languages who collaborate to help each other improve their proficiency in the other's language. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which language-exchange participants activate learner agency to construct opportunities for learning in face-to-face language-exchange interactions. Adopting affordance [van Lier, L. 2000. From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–260). Oxford: Oxford University Press.] as a conceptual framework, this study investigates learner agency manifested in language-exchange interactions by focusing on participants’ use of affordances in initiating talk about the target language and/or culture. Participant interviews are used to examine learners’ perceptions of language-exchange learning and the affordances it offers. The results show substantive variation between participants in the ways they mediate affordances in language-exchange interactions. Their choices and actions in the interaction are affected by their perceptions of language-exchange learning and their mutual relationships with their partners. The study suggests that learners may develop an increased sense of agency through language-exchange interactions. It also reveals that engagement in metalinguistic and intercultural dialogues is not an automatic product of language-exchange interactions but is a demonstration of the learner's conscious efforts to create opportunities for learning.

초둝

μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ΄λž€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λͺ¨κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 두 λͺ…μ˜ ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ 짝을 이루어 μƒλŒ€λ°©μ˜ λͺ¨κ΅­μ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λŠ” 관계λ₯Ό μ§€μΉ­ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ©΄λŒ€λ©΄ μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•™μŠ΅ 주체성을 λ°œνœ˜ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€ν™” μ†μ—μ„œ 슀슀둜 ν•™μŠ΅ 기회λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ λͺ©ν‘œ 언어와 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όλ„ν•˜λŠ” 방식에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ–΄ν¬λ˜μŠ€[van Lier, 2000. From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning (pp. 245–260). Oxford: Oxford University Press.] ν™œμš© 양상을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λŒ€ν™” 뢄석과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μž 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식도 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό κ°œλ³„ ν•™μŠ΅μžκ°€ μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜ μƒμ—μ„œ μ–΄ν¬λ˜μŠ€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 양상이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λŒ€ν™” μ†μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ 선택과 행동은 μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ 인식과 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ™€μ˜ μƒν˜Έν˜Έν˜œμ μΈ 관계 ν˜•μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 그듀이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” νƒœλ„μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ΄ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ ν•™μŠ΅ 주체성 λ°œλ‹¬μ— μ΄λ°”μ§€ν•˜λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μ˜ μž₯이 될 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ–Έμ–΄ κ΅ν™˜μ—μ„œ λͺ©ν‘œ 언어와 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€ν™”λŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°, ν•™μŠ΅μž μžμ‹ μ΄ 주체성을 λ°œνœ˜ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μŠ΅ 기회λ₯Ό 슀슀둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” 과정을 톡해 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž„μ„ 보여쀀닀.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Tae youn Ahn (Ph.D., University of Washington) is a research fellow at the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation (KICE) in South Korea. Her research interests are discourse analysis, sociocultural theory, and qualitative research methods.

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