Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of 122 articles and books (1987–2013) of co-creation/co-production with citizens in public innovation. It analyses (a) the objectives of co-creation and co-production, (b) its influential factors and (c) the outcomes of co-creation and co-production processes. It shows that most studies focus on the identification of influential factors, while hardly any attention is paid to the outcomes. Future studies could focus on outcomes of co-creation/co-production processes. Furthermore, more quantitative studies are welcome, given the qualitative, case study, dominance in the field. We conclude with a research agenda to tackle methodological, theoretical and empirical lacunas.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In order to conclude our research and to complete our database of relevant records, we have consulted a number of experts in the field of co-creation/co-production. The consulted experts are Prof. Tony Bovaird of the University of Birmingham (United Kingdom); Prof. Taco Brandsen of the Radboud University Nijmegen (the Netherlands); Prof. Victor Pestoff of the Institute for Civil Society Studies, in Ersta-Sköndal University College, Stockholm (Sweden); Prof. Stephen Osborne of the University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom); and, Prof. Bram Verschuere of the University of Gent (Belgium). We are very thankful for their contributions.