Chronic active lesions: a new MRI biomarker to monitor treatment effect in multiple sclerosis?

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Declaration of interest

P Preziosa received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Merck Serono, Bristol Myers Squibb and ExceMED. He is supported by a senior research fellowship FISM – Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla - cod. 2019/BS/009 and financed or co-financed with the ‘5 per mille’ public funding. M. Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology and Associate Editor of Radiology, Human Brain Mapping and Neurological Sciences, received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Almiral, Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis and Roche. MA Rocca received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Teva, and receives research support from the MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

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Funding

This paper was not funded.