Exploring Biphobia Among Heterosexuals and LGBTQ + Individuals in Spain: Psychometric Properties of the Biphobia Scale in a Spanish Sample

Abstract

Self-reported questionnaires for assessing biphobia have been developed and validated in English-speaking countries. In Spain, despite considerable rates of biphobia, there is a lack of validated instruments to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Biphobia Scale (BS), a useful self-reported measure of biphobia. Four hundred and sixty-six participants from the general population in Spain completed the BS, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Modern Homophobia Scale, and the Internalized Homonegativity Scale. The factorial structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity were analyzed. The results of the factor analysis support a one-factor solution. Cronbach’s alpha and Omega coefficient were .95 and .96, respectively. Evidence of convergent validity was provided, as shown by the significant and positive correlations between biphobia, sexism, homophobia, and internalized homonegativity. The results support the use of the BS in the Spanish population as a valid and reliable measure.

Keywords:

• Biphobia
• LGBTQ+
• validity
• reliability

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Fundación Antonio Gargallo (University of Zaragoza) under Grant number 2021/B008.

Notes on contributors

Alberto González Robles

Alberto González-Robles is an associate professor in the Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment at University of Zaragoza (Spain). He completed his PhD in Clinical Psychology at Universitat Jaume I (Castellón, Spain) and is also a Qualified General Health Psychologist. His research focuses on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of psychological disorders, with a particular focus on anxiety and depression.

Pablo Roca

Pablo Roca is an associate professor in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Universidad Villanueva and Valencian International University (Spain). He also works as Chief Scientific Officer at Medea Mind. He got a PhD in clinical psychology and a Master’s degree in General Health Psychology. His work is focused on the study of the effects and mechanisms of psychological interventions and the practice of mindfulness in clinical contexts, using a variety of experimental methodologies and analytic procedures like Network Analysis.

María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes

María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes is a professor in the Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment at the University of Granada (Spain). Degree and PhD in Psychology from the University of Granada (Spain). Master in Research Designs and Applications in Psychology and Health from the University of Granada. Qualified as a General Health Psychologist. Her research has focused on aspects related to human sexuality, and specifically on aspects related to the evaluation of sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction, sexual minorities, sexual violence and sexual consent.

Yaiza Jiménez-Pérez

Yaiza Jiménez-Pérez works as a general health psychologist for the adult population and specializes as a neuropsychologist for children and adolescents across various clinics in Castellon de la Plana (Spain). Her primary focus lies in addressing emotional and eating disorders, as well as neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder. She earned her Master’s Degree in General Health Psychology from the University of Zaragoza and is currently advancing her expertise through a postgraduate program in the evaluation and intervention in child and adolescent clinical psychology at Jaime I University.

Daniel Ondé

Daniel Ondé is a professor in the Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences at the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). Degree and PhD in Psychology from the Autonoma University of Madrid (Spain). Master in Methodology of the Behavioral and Health Sciences from the Autonoma University of Madrid. His research focuses on aspects related to psychometrics, validity, causal inference, reading and oral communication meta-comprehension, and emotional intelligence.