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Abstract
A new theoretical energy-based model that predicts the ballistic behavior of thin woven composite laminates is presented. This model formulated for high velocity impacts, where the boundary conditions (applied at the external edges of the impacted plate) do not play a relevant role. This can be assumed as the mechanical waves do not reach the borders during the impact event, being the local structural behavior responsible for the ballistic performance. A non-dimensional formulation is used to analyze the influence of material properties and geometrical parameters in the ballistic response of the laminate. The model is physically-based on the energy contribution of different energy-absorption mechanisms. A 3 D finite element model previously developed is used to simulate the performance of the laminate under high velocity impacts and to validate the hypotheses of the theoretical model. A comparison between FE and theoretical models is performed by means of energy-absorption mechanisms. For that, the failure modes of the FE model are related to the corresponding energy-absorption mechanisms of the theoretical associated. The evaluation of the theoretical results is straightforward although the FEM results require the evaluation of the energy absorbed by each element that fails under each criterion. The predictive capability of the proposed model is verified against experimental results, which were obtained from previous studies carried out by the authors. The results obtained show the dependencies between the ballistic response and the non-dimensional physical parameters of the model. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used to see the relative importance of the different energy-absorption mechanisms involved and the comparison of these mechanisms between the theoretical and the FE models can reflect the different roles played by them, depending on the material properties and geometrical characteristics of the laminate. These results highlight the relevance of the in-plane energy-absorption mechanisms, which rule the penetration process for thin laminates.
Acknowledgements
L. Alonso, S.K.García Castillo and C.Navarro are indebted to the project ’Acción Estratégica en Materiales Compuestos y Análisis Numérico simplificado de Estructuras y protecciones ligeras sometidas a impacto balístico’ (2010/00309/002) of the University Carlos III of Madrid for the financial support of this work. D. Garcia-Gonzalez acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 - 2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid. F. Martínez-Hergueta acknowledges support from PECRE1819_02 from the Scottish Research Partnership in Engineering.