https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-5765
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ABSTRACT
The relationship between epitranscriptomics and malignant tumours has become a popular research topic in recent years. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common post-transcriptional modification in mammals, is involved in various physiological processes in different cancer types, including gastric cancer (GC). The incidence and mortality of GC have been increasing annually, especially in developing countries. Insights into the epitranscriptomic mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis could provide potential strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of GC. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of RNA m6A modification; the functions of m6A regulators in GC; the functional crosstalk among m6A, messenger RNA, and noncoding RNA; and the promising application of m6A in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Abbreviations
| (m6A) | = | N6-methyladenosine |
| (GC) | = | gastric cancer |
| (mRNA) | = | messenger RNA |
| (ncRNA) | = | non-coding RNA |
| (3’ UTRs) | = | 3’ untranslated regions |
| (LC-MS/MS) | = | liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry |
| (meRIP-seq) | = | methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing |
| (LAIC-seq) | = | m6A-level and isoform-characterization sequencing |
| (miCLIP-seq) | = | m6A individual-nucleotide-resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation sequencing |
| (RIP) | = | RNA immunoprecipitation |
| (APA) | = | alternative polyadenylation |
| (m6Am) | = | N6, 2’-O-dimethyladenosine |
| (lncRNAs) | = | long non-coding RNAs |
| (miRNAs) | = | microRNAs |
| (circRNAs) | = | circular RNAs |
| (rRNAs) | = | ribosomal RNAs |
| (MTase) | = | methyltransferase |
| (METTL3) | = | methyltransferase like 3 |
| (SAM) | = | S-adenosyl methionine |
| (METTL14) | = | methyltransferase like 14 |
| (H3K36me3) | = | histone H3 on Lys36 |
| (WTAP) | = | Wilms Tumour 1-associated protein |
| (METTL16) | = | Methyltransferase like 16 |
| (YTH) | = | YT521-B homology |
| (HNRNPs) | = | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins |
| (IGF2BPs) | = | insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins |
| (eIF3) | = | eukaryotic Initiation factor 3 |
| (FMRP) | = | fragile X retardation protein |
| (FTO) | = | Fat mass and obesity-associated protein |
| (hm6A) | = | n6-hydroxymethyladenosine |
| (f6A) | = | N6-formyladenosine |
| (ALKBH5) | = | α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase homolog 5 |
| (snRNA) | = | small nuclear RNAs |
| (SFPQ) | = | splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich |
| (TCGA) | = | The Cancer Genome Atlas |
| (EMT) | = | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| (GSEA) | = | gene set enrichment analysis |
| (IHC) | = | immunohistochemistry |
| (MYC) | = | myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog |
| (HDAC3) | = | histone deacetylase 3 |
| (FOXA2) | = | forkhead box transcription factor A2 |
| (ZMYM1) | = | zinc finger MYM-type containing 1 |
| (HDGF) | = | hepatoma-derived growth factor |
| (BATF2) | = | basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 2 |
| (FZD7) | = | frizzled 7 |
| (E2F3) | = | E2F transcription factor 3 |
| (EED) | = | embryonic ectoderm development protein |
| (TME) | = | tumour microenvironment |
| (SNP) | = | single-nucleotide polymorphism |
| (LASSO) | = | least absolute shrinkage and selection operator |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Author contributions
Yitian Xu: Data curation, Writing - Original draft preparation, Writing- reviewing and editing. Chen Huang: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing- reviewing and editing.