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Abstract
The symbiotic association between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is an evolutionary conserved association that resulted from co-evolutionary events where both partners benefit from each other. Different plant genes, hormones, and miRNAs regulate this symbiotic association at different levels. Of those, the most important signaling molecules that play critical roles in symbiotic association are plant-derived strigolactones and fungal-derived lipochito-oligosaccharides. These molecules regulate the symbiotic association at the initial stage of symbiosis. Subsequent signaling events of these two molecules activate downstream signaling cascades to develop a proper symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi.
| Abbreviations | ||
| SL | = | strigolactone |
| CCD | = | carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase |
| ABA | = | abscisic acid |
| NCED | = | 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage dioxygenase |
| TB | = | teosinte branched |
| AM | = | arbuscular mycorrhiza |
| DMI | = | does not make infection |
| CCaMK | = | calcium and calmodulin-like protein kinase |
| STR | = | symbiosis-induced transporter |
| SYM | = | symbiosis |
| HRGP | = | hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein |
| AGP | = | ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase |
| NUP | = | nucleoporin |
| PT | = | phosphate transporter |
| MST | = | monosaccharide transporter |
| AMT | = | ammonium transporter |
| SCWC | = | stochastic calculus of wrapped compartments |
| IBA | = | indole-3-butyric acid |
| IAA | = | indole-3-acetic acid |
| DGT | = | diageotropic |
| BSH | = | bushy |
| GA | = | gibberellic acid |
| JA | = | jasmonic acid |
| SA | = | salicylic acid |
| LNP | = | lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolase |
| CPK | = | calcium-dependent protein kinase |
| miRNA | = | microRNA |
| HAP | = | haem peroxidase |
| Abbreviations | ||
| SL | = | strigolactone |
| CCD | = | carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase |
| ABA | = | abscisic acid |
| NCED | = | 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage dioxygenase |
| TB | = | teosinte branched |
| AM | = | arbuscular mycorrhiza |
| DMI | = | does not make infection |
| CCaMK | = | calcium and calmodulin-like protein kinase |
| STR | = | symbiosis-induced transporter |
| SYM | = | symbiosis |
| HRGP | = | hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein |
| AGP | = | ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase |
| NUP | = | nucleoporin |
| PT | = | phosphate transporter |
| MST | = | monosaccharide transporter |
| AMT | = | ammonium transporter |
| SCWC | = | stochastic calculus of wrapped compartments |
| IBA | = | indole-3-butyric acid |
| IAA | = | indole-3-acetic acid |
| DGT | = | diageotropic |
| BSH | = | bushy |
| GA | = | gibberellic acid |
| JA | = | jasmonic acid |
| SA | = | salicylic acid |
| LNP | = | lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolase |
| CPK | = | calcium-dependent protein kinase |
| miRNA | = | microRNA |
| HAP | = | haem peroxidase |