Embodiment, agency, unmet need: Young women’s experiences in the use and non-use of contraception in Khayelitsha, South Africa

ABSTRACT

Globally, high rates of unintended pregnancy occur despite widespread distribution of modern contraceptive methods, reflecting the complexity of individual contraceptive use. The concept of unmet need provides a framework for addressing the gap between women’s desire to prevent pregnancy and the ability of health services to meet women’s contraceptive needs. Through in-depth interviews in Khayelitsha, South Africa, we examine 14 young women’s experiences with contraception, interrogating how and why reproductive intentions and outcomes often differ markedly. Three main themes were identified and explored. First, unintended pregnancies were common in our sample, despite high knowledge about contraceptive options and availability of multiple methods. Second, women’s contraceptive preferences are strongly shaped by concerns with side effects and other embodied experiences, leading to pivotal moments of method-switching or cessation of contraceptive use. Third, using contraception provides participants with the potential for purposeful and self-directed action. These enactments of agency though, occur within intimate and familial relationships, where gendered expectations of the participants’ choices ultimately shape both method preference and use. These findings demonstrate the need for an understanding of women’s lives and narratives as the basis for understanding complex health behaviours such as contraceptive use.

KEYWORDS:

• Contraceptive use and nonuse
• contraception
• unmet need
• South Africa
• pregnancy

Acknowledgements

The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Additional support came from the Summer Assistantship awarded by the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by Population Studies and Training Center at Brown University through the generosity of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2C HD041020 and T32 HD007338). This research was also supported by the Fogarty International Centre with supplemental funding provided from the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (D43TW011308).