Coccidiostats in milk: development of a multi-residue method and transfer of salinomycin and lasalocid from contaminated feed

ABSTRACT

A confirmatory multi-residue method was developed for the determination in milk of 19 coccidiostats (amprolium, arprinocid, clazuril, clopidol, decoquinate, diclazuril, ethopabate, halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, nicarbazin, nequinate, robenidine, salinomycin, semduramicin, toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide). Sample preparation utilising extraction with organic solvent and clean up by SPE and freezing was found reliable and time-efficient. Optimised chromatography and MS conditions with positive and negative ESI achieved sufficient sensitivity and selectivity. Validation experiments has proven method usefulness for routine analysis of coccidiostats in milk samples. An on-farm study conducted on dairy cows fed with experimentally contaminated feed with salinomycin and lasalocid showed negligible transfer to milk. No residues of lasalocid were found in collected samples. Salinomycin was found only in 5 of 168 samples analysed, while the concentrations of salinomycin in those samples (0.119–0.179 µg kg^–1) was significantly below the limit of salinomycin in milk set by European Union legislation. Such low concentrations of both coccidiostats cannot be explained by conjugation during dairy cows’ metabolism, as shown by experiments with enzymatic hydrolysis.

KEYWORDS:

• Coccidiostats
• multi-residue method
• milk
• salinomycin
• lasalocid
• feed cross-contamination

Acknowledgments

We want to kindly thank Jolanta Krawczak and Roman Krawczak who provided assistance with animal husbandry and sample collection. Also, we would like to acknowledge Tadeusz Radomski from P.T.H. Gemar for supplying feeds used in experiment.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.