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Original Articles

Gels of ferulated arabinoxylans extracted from nixtamalized and non-nixtamalized maize bran: rheological and structural characteristics

Gel de arabinoxilanos ferulados de cascarilla de maíz nixtamalizada y no nixtamalizada: características reológicas y estructurales

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Pages 22-28 | Received 28 Sep 2012, Accepted 25 Feb 2013, Published online: 15 May 2013
 

Abstract

The molecular identity, molecular weight distribution, and microstructure of arabinoxylans from nixtamalized (N-MBAX) or non-nixtamalized (MBAX) maize bran were investigated and correlated to their gelling capability and the gels’ structural and rheological properties. N-MBAX and MBAX presented Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectra typical of arabinoxylans. A low-molecular-weight fraction of arabinoxylans was present in MBAX but not in N-MBAX. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that N-MBAX and MBAX present a rough and smooth surface topography, respectively. N-MBAX and MBAX gels were prepared by laccase oxidative cross-linking. N-MBAX and MBAX gels at 6% (w/v) presented an average pore size of 108 and 134 nm and elasticity values of 328 and 62 Pa, respectively. In SEM images, N-MBAX gels appear as a mix of sheets and rigid plates, while MBAX gels present an irregular honeycomb structure. These results indicate that nixtamalization process modify the molecular weight distribution and microstructure of maize bran arabinoxylans as well as the gels structural and rheological properties.

La identidad molecular, distribución de peso molecular y microestructura de los arabinoxilanos de pericarpio de maíz nixtamalizado (N-MBAX) y no nixtamalizado (MBAX) fue comparada y relacionada con su capacidad gelificante y las propiedades reológicas y estructurales de los geles. N-MBAX y MBAX presentan espectros de IR-TF típicos de los arabinoxilanos. Los MBAX presentaron una fracción de arabinoxilanos de bajo peso molecular. Las imágenes del microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB) mostraron una topografía rugosa y lisa en N-MBAX y MBAX, respectivamente. Los geles de N-MBAX and MBAX fueron preparados mediante el entrecruzamiento oxidativo con una lacasa. Los geles de N-MBAX y MBAX al 6% (p/v) presentaron un tamaño de poro de 108 y 134 nm y una elasticidad de 328 y 62 Pa, respectivamente. En imágenes de MEB los geles de N-MBAX aparecen como una mezcla de hojas y placas rígidas, mientras que los geles de MBAX presentaron una estructura similar a un panal irregular. Estos resultados indican que el proceso de nixtamalización modifica la distribución del peso molecular y la microestructura de los AX del salvado de maíz, así como las propiedades reológicas y estructurales de los geles.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Fondo Institucional SEP-CONACYT, México (grant 134301 to E. Carvajal-Millan). The authors are pleased to acknowledge Silvia Burrel (UNISON, Mexico) and Alma Rosa Toledo (CIAD, Mexico).

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