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Articles

Quality attributes of the set-style yoghurt from whole bovine milk as affected by an enzymatic oxidative cross-linking

Atributos cualitativos del yogurt firme elaborado de leche entera de vaca y afectado por una reticulación enzimática y oxidativa

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Pages 249-255 | Received 25 Apr 2013, Accepted 06 Aug 2013, Published online: 14 Feb 2014
 

Abstract

The impact of an enzymatic oxidative cross-linking of milk proteins on quality attributes of set-style yoghurt was investigated in the present study. Whole bovine milk was pretreated by a ternary system comprising horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase and glucose at 4°C for 48 h and fermented by a commercial direct vat set starter after table sugar addition and pasteurization. The measured bacterial count in the treated milk was less than 2 × 103 CFU/mL. Electrophoresis results revealed that both the treated milk and the treated yoghurt contained protein polymers about 11%. The treated yoghurt had the same main composition as the control yoghurt, but higher apparent viscosity, elastic and viscous moduli, larger thixotropic loops area (3.19 vs. 1.97 Unit) and lower syneresis (21.0% vs. 33.8%). Texture profile and microstructure analysis showed that the treated yoghurt had higher hardness (106.6 vs. 92.0 g) or adhesiveness (450 vs. 367 g s), and finer network structure.

En el presente estudio, se investigó el impacto que una reticulación enzimática y oxidativa de proteínas de leche tiene en los atributos cualitativos del yogurt firme (o compacto). Previamente, se trató durante 48 horas leche entera de vaca con un sistema ternario compuesto por peroxidasa de rábano, glucosa-oxidasa y glucosa a 4°C, el cual fue fermentado mediante un cultivo inicial comercial añadido al contenedor después de agregar azúcar común y de realizar la pasteurización. La medición de bacterias en la leche tratada fue de menos de 2 × 103 CFU/mL. Los resultados de electroforesis revelaron que tanto la leche tratada como el yogurt tratado contenían polímeros proteínicos a un nivel de 11%. Si bien se constató que el yogurt tratado tenía la misma composición principal que el yogurt de control, su viscosidad aparente y sus módulos elásticos y viscosos fueron más elevados, además de mostrar un área de círculos tixotrópicos más grande (3,19 vs. 1,97 unidad) y sinéresis más baja (21,0% vs. 33,8%). El análisis del perfil de textura y de la microestructura mostraron que el yogurt tratado tenía una firmeza (106,6 vs. 92,0 g) y una adherencia (450 vs. 367 g) más altas, así como una estructura de red más fina.

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Innovative Research Team of Higher Education of Heilongjiang Province (Project No. 2010td11) and the National High Technology Research & Development Programme (“863” Programme) of China (Project No. 2013AA102205). The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and editors for their valuable advice.

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