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Articles

Omisión del desayuno, estado nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de niños y adolescentes de escuelas públicas de Morelos, México

Skipping breakfast, nutritional state, and food habits of children and adolescents in public schools of Morelos, Mexico

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Pages 256-262 | Received 16 Apr 2013, Accepted 25 Aug 2013, Published online: 14 Feb 2014
 

Abstract

The purpose of this article was to assess the nutritional status, eating habits, social, physical activity and blood parameters, and breakfast consumption in a sample of 2488 children and adolescents from public schools in Morelos. BMI allowed classify nutritional status. Dietary intake was assessed using reminder the day before. Glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were measured in blood samples. Three categories of consumption were defined as: skip breakfast, eat breakfast occasionally, and always eat breakfast. With ANOVA and Chi-square, significant associations of skipping breakfast with age, BMI, family size, place of residence, caloric intake and protein-energy balance, anemia, high triglycerides, time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity, and time spent in sedentary and light activities were observed. Focused interventions are required to promote breakfast consumption for children and adolescents to prevent chronic diseases and associated nutritional deficiencies.

El propósito fue analizar el estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, aspectos sociales, actividad física y parámetros sanguíneos relevantes y el consumo del desayuno en una muestra de 2488 niños y adolescentes de escuelas públicas de Morelos. El IMC permitió clasificar su estado nutricional. La ingesta dietética se evaluó mediante recordatorio del día previo. Concentraciones de glucosa, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL fueron medidas en muestras sanguíneas. Se acotaron tres categorías de consumo: se salta el desayuno, desayuna ocasionalmente y siempre desayuna. Se observaron asociaciones significativas de la omisión del desayuno con: edad, IMC, tamaño familiar, lugar de residencia, ingestión calórica y balance proteico-energético, anemia, triglicéridos elevados, tiempo dedicado a actividades físicas moderadas o intensas y tiempo dedicado a actividades sedentarias o ligeras. Se requiere promover el consumo del desayuno e incidir sobre todo en adolescentes para prevenir insuficiencias, desequilibrios dietéticos y futuros riesgos de obesidad y enfermedades crónicas.

Agradecimientos

Se agradece al Fondo Mixto de Fomento a la investigación Científica y Tecnológica CONACyT-Morelos que financió el proyecto MOR-2007-C01-80210. Se agradece también al Instituto Politécnico Nacional las facilidades para su realización.

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