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ABSTRACT
Chinese onion is a common vegetable in daily diet, especially in Southwest China. We collected 184 samples from farm and market in Chongqing Municipality during 2020–2021 and established a multi-residue method for analysis of 79 pesticide residues on Chinese onion. Sixty-three of 184 samples were found pesticide resdues, accounting for 34.2%. A total of 31 pesticides were detected, and 6 pesticides in 11 samples have exceeded the Chinese MRLs, 5.98% of all samples. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment showed the %ADI and the %ARfD value were 0.005%–5.46% and 0.03%–297.95%, respectively. The %ARfD of most pesticides were acceptable except for cyhalothrin (297.95%, children; 140.17%, adults) and carbofuran (107.94%, children). The study indicated that pesticide residues on Chinese onion had different concentration levels which were low commonly. The establishment of MRLs for several pesticides (cyfluthrin, carbendazim, propamocarb) in Chinese onion is required for better estimation of dietary risk.
Abbreviations
| GC-MS/MS | = | Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| LC-MS/MS | = | High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| d-SPE | = | disperse-Solid Phase Extraction. |
| ADI | = | Acceptable Daily Intake. |
| ARfD | = | Acute Reference Dose. |
| MRLs | = | Maximum Residue Levels. |
| STMR | = | Supervised Trials Median Residue. |
| NEDI | = | National Estimated Daily Intake. |
| IESTI | = | International Estimated Short-term Intake. |
| JMPR | = | Joint FAO-WHO Meeting of Pesticide Residues. |
| SANTE | = | Commission department is responsible for EU policy on food safety and health and for monitoring the implementation of related laws. |
| SAC | = | The Standardization Administration of China. |
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dianyan Li, Chenlan Huang and Yueqiong Kang for their kind support during the sampling process and analysis, and resource supported by the Laboratory of Agri-cultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of MARA (Chongqing).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplementary material
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2022.2158947