Educators apply new teaching strategies despite initial attributions of autistic students’ controllability of their behaviors

Abstract

Autistic children are less likely to be jointly engaged with a play partner than nonautistic children, negatively impacting social communication development. Promoting joint engagement during play can be an important target for educators of autistic students, but educator perceptions of autistic students may affect their interactions with students. This secondary data analysis investigated educator perceptions of the behaviors of their autistic students, their relationship on educator behavior, and their relationship on the implementation of an intervention promoting joint engagement. Participants included 66 autistic preschool students, and twelve educators from six preschools. Schools were randomized to educator training or a waitlist. Before training, educators rated their students’ controllability over autism related behaviors. To observe educator behavior, they were filmed playing for ten minutes with students, before and after receiving training. Ratings of controllability were positively correlated with cognitive scores, and negatively correlated with ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) comparison scores. Furthermore, educator ratings of controllability predicted joint engagement strategies used by educators during play. Educators tended to use strategies promoting joint engagement for students perceived as more able to control their autism spectrum disorder behavior. Among educators that received JASPER (Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation) training, ratings of controllability did not predict changes in strategy scores after training. Educators were able to learn and implement new joint engagement strategies despite their initial perceptions.

Keywords:

• autism
• attribution theory
• educator training
• JASPER
• joint engagement
• preschool

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the children and families who participated in the study as well as the dedicated teachers, paraprofessionals, and Los Angeles Unified School District for their participation and collaboration on this project. We would also like to thank the study coordinators Ya-Chih Chang and Stephanie Y. Shire.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by Autism Speaks Grant #7495 (PI: Kasari).