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ABSTRACT
In 2011, a new virus was isolated from pigs with influenza-like symptoms and subsequently also from cattle, which are the main reservoir of the virus. It is similar to Influenza C virus (ICV), a (predominantly) human pathogen, causing respiratory disease in children. Since the virus is unable to reassort with ICV (and based on several other criteria as discussed in the text) it is now officially named as Influenzavirus D (IDV), a new genus of the Orthomyxoviridae. We summarize the epidemiology, pathology and evolution of IDV and its biological characteristics with emphasis on the only glycoprotein HEF. Based on the limited data available we finally consider whether IDV represent a public health threat.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Funding
The work of SS was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0500101), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Y0201600147) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. The work of MV on Influenza virus is financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG, SFB 740) and the Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSP). All the authors were financially supported by Funding of a joint project for Sino-German Cooperation on Agricultural Science and Technology (2016–2017), German part funded by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food is also acknowledged. FXL gratefully acknowledge financial support from China Scholarship Council (CSC, 201708440274).