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ABSTRACT
Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly used in clinical studies in order to treat patients with various malignancies. The following review summarizes platform lectures and 2013–2015 consortium meetings on manufacturing and clinical use of NK cells in Europe and United States. A broad overview of recent pre-clinical and clinical results in NK cell therapies is provided based on unstimulated, cytokine-activated, as well as genetically engineered NK cells using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Differences in donor selection, manufacturing and quality control of NK cells for cancer immunotherapies are described and basic recommendations are outlined for harmonization in future NK cell studies.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Acknowledgements
We thank P. Kottaridis, C. Marden, J. North, S. Grace in UK and Dr Schaap, Dr Dolstra from Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, NL for their support to the respective study.
Funding
This work was supported in part by the European Union's Seventh-Framework-Program FP7/2007–2013/, under REA grant agreement both no 317013 (NATURIMMUN) and no 602366 (AGORA), by the St Baldrick's Foundation in USA, by the UK Leukemia Lymphoma Research and the German Ministry of Education (IFB-Tx), Ref No 01E00802.