https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-4478
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ABSTRACT
Background
The Coronavirus Disease pandemic has led to exponentially greater screen time and technology utilization. The Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue (ZEF) scale is a diagnostic measure developed to identify zoom fatigue arising from excessive screen time. The language barrier, however, has prevented its implementation in Indonesia. This paper thus investigated the validity and reliability of a Bahasa Indonesia diagnostic instrument, ZEF-I.
Methods
This study generated a ZEF-I translation through the World Health Organization (WHO)-Euro-Reves technique. RASCH and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale based on data from 300 participants were undertaken. The reliability and validity of the ZEF-I were specifically assessed with the separation index, Cronbach’s alpha, content validation index as well as Pearson and corrected-item correlations.
Results
The model showed adequate reliability and validity of the ZEF-I as well as favorable goodness-of-fit indexes and fit indices. The fit-misfit statistics also preserved all 15 items on the translated instrument. Among fatigued students, the blurred vision item was the most frequently endorsed, while the need for self-time was the least endorsed item.
Conclusion
This study developed and validated an Indonesian translation of the zoom fatigue questionnaire. ZEF-I is an appropriate zoom fatigue assessment instrument for Indonesian university students.
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciated all participants of the study. We also acknowledge Fauville et al. for the original English ZEF scale [Citation7]. The authors respectfully acknowledged dr. Kesya Kimberly, Jocelyn, Julia Winterflood, Fabio Monteiro Caldas, Andrew Williams, Suzan Piper, Sarah Michel, Raphita Tobing, and dr. Rusydah Syarlina for their help in the ZEF-I translation.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Jonathan Salim
Jonathan Salim completed his undergraduate and professional degree in Medical Doctor from the Pelita Harapan University, Indonesia (2015–2021). He has been a member of the International Federation of Medical Students Association since 2015, and also practices as a General Physician in Kalideres General Hospital and Cengkareng District Healthcare Facility (2022–Present). During the last years, he concocted studies in pediatric appendicitis, hospital acquired infection, genetic association to cervical cancer, zoom fatigue, and neuro-ophthalmology issues. He is a member of many societies including EAN, ACOG, ERS, ACP, and many more.
Jannatin Nisa Arnindita
Jannatin Nisa Arnindita graduated from Universitas Airlangga as a medical doctor on 2022. Her interest in research and scientific writing shown on participations in research fair and research projects since freshman year. Overall, she has participated in research on immunology, tropical medicine, medical education, and cardiology.
Sutiono Tandy
Sutiono Tandy is a general practitioner who graduated from the medical faculty of Pelita Harapan University and is currently serving at Rama Hadi General Hospital. His interest in research started from joining the CIMSA organization in college, an independent, non profit, and non governmental organization and up until now he is actively participating in various trainings in the field of research. His field of interest is neurology and also internal medicine.