Correction

This article refers to:

Health and economic consequences: How COVID-19 affected households with pet and their pets. A systematic review

Article title: Health and economic consequences: How COVID- 19 affected households with pet and their pets. A systematic review

Authors: Appiah, E., Enyetornye, B., Ofori, V., Enyetornye, J., & Kwamena Abbiw, R.

Journal: Cogent Social Sciences

Bibliometrics: Volume 08, Number 01

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2060542

When this article was first published online, (a) the affiliation link of the author “ Richard Kwamena Abbiw” was wrong and (b) the first paragraph of the section “3.6. Behavioural changes in pets” was incorrect.

The affiliation link of the author “Richard Kwamena Abbiw” is now been changed to “2” and the first paragraph of the section “3.6. Behavioural changes in pets” is now been corrected as below, and article has been re-published online.

Corrected paragraph:

Regarding the behavioural changes in pet dogs, Bowen et al. (2020) revealed that while the lockdown might not result in dramatic changes in pet behaviour including the acquisition of new traits, it might contribute to the worsening of pre-existing problem behaviours. This was evidenced in the observation of pets being a major source of distraction during workdays by some pet owners (Hoffman, 2021) or being more clingy/needy (Olivia & Johnston, 2020); a behaviour potentially stemming from increased boredom (Holland et al., 2021) and associated desire of pets for more attention especially with owners staying longer at home (Hoffman, 2021).

In addition to the change in this paragraph, we have updated Table 4 wording accordingly. Please see the corrected table below:

Table 4. Basis of the study.

Author (Year)	Geographic Scope	Methodology	Sample	Objectives	Results	Journal
Madan et al. (2020)	India	Cross-sectional survey	30 pet animal practitioners	To analyse the changes, trends, and impact of lockdown on veterinary pet animal practice	Animal owners started to spend more time with the pets and consequently care more for the pets during the lockdown. There is a considerably short supply of vaccines, animal food, consumables, and medicines during this period. Reduced veterinary services.	The Pharma Innovation Journal
Hoffman (2021)	US	Cross-sectional survey	90 dog owners, 90 pet owners, 50 dog and pet owners, and 150 without a pet	To examine whether having a dog or cat at home was associated with individuals’ perceptions of the teleworking experience	Participants spend more quality time with their companion animals and family members when they work from home during the crisis. Dog owners engaged in physical activity, such as walking, more frequently than those without dogs. Pets created a distraction when working from home	Animals
Bussolari et al., (2021)	Multiple countries	Cross-sectional survey	dog owners (n = 4105)	To examine how Covid-19 restrictions influenced dog owners’ relationships and sense of connection with their canine companions.	The amount of time they spent with their dogs naturally increased. Humans had more time to exercise, play, and engage in fun activities with their dogs which improved mental and physical health.	Animals
Shoesmith et al. (2021)	The U.K.	Cross-sectional survey	General population (n = 5926)	To explore the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown phase in the U.K. on animal owners, their animals, and the relationships between them.	COVID-19 increased stress in taking care of pets. Restrictions to veterinary care such as delay in appointment. Financial uncertainty to buy pet food as well as provide healthcare if needed	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Esam et al. (2021)	New Zealand’s	Cross-sectional survey	Pet owners (n = 686)	To explore the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and following alert levels on pets in New Zealand	Pets got more company, more or better-quality attention (exercise, play, training, physical affection,), and environmental benefits. Pet’s wellbeing was better than usual during the lockdown. Pet feeding practices were largely unchanged. Some pets-animals gained weight	Animals
Parente et al. (2021)	Italy	Retrospective study	Patients with dog bites	Consequences of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children and Their Pets	The number of bites coming from family dogs is drastically growing due to the negative effect that confinement has on the animals.	Research Square (Pre-Print)
Williams et al. (2020)	U.K.	Cross-sectional survey	Horse owners (n = 374,000)	Rapid analysis of the initial impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the management of UK leisure and competition horses	COVID-19 affected horses health and welfare through reduced (owner) access and variation in exercise levels leading to weight gain and health issues in older horses Horse owners felt they were personally experiencing a negative impact of the pandemic on their mental health and wellbeing through stress and worry related to COVID-19	Animals
Ho et al. (2021)	Multiple countries.	Cross-sectional survey	General public is interested in adopting pets	To determine if there has been an increase in global interest in pet adoption	We observed a global interest in pet adoption, in particular for dogs, following the COVID-19 pandemic.	Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Applebaum et al. (2021)	US	Cross-sectional survey	U.S. pet owners (n = 2,068)	To assess the impact of relationships with pets during COVID-19 on human health and well-being	COVID-19 leads to more time together; life purpose or meaning; love; support; stress relief; routine; distraction; exercise. Increase in general worry; potential for illness; limited participation; veterinary care access; obtaining supplies; difficulty meeting pet needs and financial concerns	Frontiers in Public Health
Applebaum et al. (2020)	The U.S.	Cross-sectional survey	U.S. pet owners (n = 2254)	to assess the ways that relationships with pets impacted life during COVID-19		Animals
Applebaum et al. (2020b)	US	Cross-sectional survey	Adult pet owners in the U.S (n = 1356)	To understand pet owners’ consideration of their pets’ welfare when making personal healthcare decisions specific to COVID-19.	Pet owners experienced unique hardships related to changes in everyday life from the COVID-19 pandemic. Pet owners became resistant to leaving their pets alone. Pet owners became concerned about finances related to pet care.	One Health
Oliva & Johnston, 2020	Australia	Cross-sectional survey	Pet owners (n = 384)	To capture the experience of such a lockdown in Australians living alone, with and without a dog or a cat.	Pet has been getting more companionship or attention than pre-COVID-19 Pet demonstrated an emotion or behaviour reflective of a change in the emotional state. Expresses that the pet is getting more exercise during the lockdown than previously. Expresses that the pet’s regular activities have changed as a result of the lockdown.	International Journal of Social Psychiatry
Hockenhull et al. (2021)	UK	Cross-sectional survey	UK Horse, Pony, and Donkey Owners (n = 452)	To understand the decisions made by UK horse, pony, and donkey owners during this time.	The restrictions lead to opting to stop riding, as well as reducing the time spent at the yard. Horse owners changed the activities they did with their horse, including riding, with common examples including avoiding “high risk” activities such as riding on busy roads, jumping, riding young or nervous horses.	Animals
Bowen et al. (2021)	Spain	Cross-sectional Survey	Spanish dog-owners (501)	To show how social support from dogs can increase during a crisis	The lockdown period lead to an increase in shared activities with their dogs including hugging and turned to them more as a source of companionship and comfort	Frontiers in Psychiatry
Bowen et al., 2020	Spanish	Cross-sectional Survey	Spanish dog-owners (n = 1297)	The effects of the Spanish COVID-19 lockdown on people, their pets, and the human-animal bond	The quality of life of owners was strongly influenced by the lifestyle and emotional effects of the confinement, and that pets provided them with substantial support to mitigate those effects. However, pets showed signs of behavioural change that were consistent with stress, with dogs that had pre-existing behavioural problems being the most affected.	Journal of Veterinary Behaviour
Holland et al. (2021)	UK	Longitudinal Survey	a longitudinal cohort study of dogs	To explore how the experience of dog ownership in the UK was impacted during this lockdown	The confinement increased more time at home sharing quality time with pets. The period provided an opportunity for walking with dogs as a daily exercise, however, the restrictions protocols made this exercise not sufficient, which reduced the level of socialisation with other dogs. The confinement also led to new undesirable behaviours in dogs including barking and dogs being “clingy” or vocalising when briefly left alone	Animals
Kogan et al (2021)	Multiple countries (UK, US, Spain, Australia, Canada, Brazil)	Cross-sectional Survey	cat guardians (n = 956)	To understand the impact of COVID-19 on cat guardians	The results revealed an increase in the number of time guardians spent with their cat Cat guardians feared the ability to afford the emergency veterinary care and obtain cat food and supplies.	Animals
Morgan et al. (2020)	Israel	Unique Prospective and Retrospective datasets		To investigate how people perceived and acted during the COVID-19 pandemic social isolation, in regards to dog adoption and abandonment;	During the pandemic, the interest in dog adoption and the adoption rate increased significantly, while abandonment did not change.	Humanities and Social Sciences
Kogan et al (2021)	Multiple countries (UK, US, Spain, Australia, Canada, Brazil)	Cross-sectional Survey	Dog owners (n = 4,105)	To understand dog owners’ fears and concerns about veterinary care and obtainment of pet care products and food during the lockdown	Dog owners became concerned about the availability and cost of veterinary care (emergency and non-emergency) and dog supplies	Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Pawar, Tawde & Mane (2021)	India	Cross-sectional Survey	100 pet owners	To study the impact of this unprecedented situation on pets and strays	Initially, during the lockdown, the pets experienced a lack of outdoor activities and space. Few pet owners were facing trouble to bear the expenses of their pets due to an increase in economic strain created by lockdown conditions. Shops being closed initially, on account of the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a shortage of pet food, supplies, medicines, vaccines, etc.	A Multidisciplinary Journal
Piotti et al. (2021)	Italy	Cross-sectional Survey	235 pet owners	To study the role of personality, the human-animal relationship, COVID- 19-related factors, and demographics on feline and canine quality of life.	COVID-19 lockdown had negatively impacted the quality of life of pets. COVID-19 lockdown-related factors influenced to some degree the psychological and social quality of life of pets.	Animals
Christley et al. (2021)	UK	Cross-sectional Survey	6004 dog owners	To explore the impact of this lockdown on pet dog welfare	Many dogs were spending more time with household adults and children. During the lockdown, dogs were typically walked less often and for less time daily. Dogs had fewer opportunities to interact with other dogs during the lockdown. Many dogs had more play/training sessions with their owners and were given toys more frequently during the lockdown.	Animals
Saleem et al. (2021)	India	Cross-sectional Survey	783 patients	To examine the effect of lockdown on the number of dog bite cases.	Lockdown had indirectly reduced the number of dog bite cases	Journal of Veterinary Behaviour
Moorhouse et al. (2021)	Multiple countries (Brazil, China, and the USA)	Cross-sectional Survey	Pet and non-pet owners (n-100)	To assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a reduction in consumer demand for wildlife products.	Our results show that the pandemic decreased the stated likelihood of pet-owners from Brazil, China, or the USA buying a given exotic pet.	Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution