https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-4947
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ABSTRACT
In the quickly developing contemporary world, as well as due to the current climatic changes and the constantly increasing human population, the main aim of the agronomists is to increase agricultural productivity. Thus, there is a need for plant breeds and cultivars being more productive and better adapted to unfavourable environmental conditions. Stress factors exert a strong negative impact on plant productivity worldwide. Since photosynthesis is the main process, supplying plants with energy and carbon for the organic molecules needed for growth, its inhibition will affect productivity at the highest level. In addition, the disturbance of the light phase of the photosynthesis, could induce oxidative stress, as a secondary effect. Therefore, the precise regulation of photosynthetic activity is essential for stress tolerance and the increase of productivity. The aim of the current article was to present ways to collect and analyse data related to the effect of the stress factors on the photosynthetic apparatus and crop productivity. For this purpose, several methods for photosynthetic analysis have been described. These methods have the advantage of being non-invasive, which greatly reduces the time and cost of the analysis and allows multiple measures to be performed without the destruction of the plant. Moreover, they are sensitive enough to show changes in physiology after brief exposure to stress. Each of these methods describe a specific stage of photosynthesis. Therefore, using them jointly can greatly increase the information they provide, showing more details of the process.
Abbreviations
| CEF | = | cyclic electron flow |
| D1 | = | core protein from the P680 |
| ETR | = | electron transport rate |
| ΦPSII | = | the quantum efficiency of PSII (in light-adapted state) |
| GPP | = | gross primary productivity |
| LHCII | = | light harvesting complex of PSII |
| LUE | = | light use efficiency |
| NDVI | = | normalised-difference vegetation index |
| NIR | = | near infrared (light) |
| NPQ | = | non-photochemical quenching (of fluorescence) |
| 1O2 | = | singlet oxygen |
| OEC | = | oxygen-evolving complex |
| PAM | = | pulse amplitude modulation |
| PAR | = | photochemically active radiation |
| PC | = | plastocyanin |
| PF | = | prompt fluorescence of chlorophyll a |
| PItotal | = | performance index on the basis of reduction the end acceptors at PSI |
| PIABS | = | performance index on the basis of absorption/intersystem acceptors |
| PRI | = | photochemically reflective index |
| PSA | = | photosynthetic apparatus |
| PSII, I | = | photosystem II, I |
| P680 | = | reaction centre of PSII |
| P700 | = | reaction centre of PSI |
| qE | = | energy-dependent quenching of fluorescence |
| qI | = | photoinhibitory quenching of fluorescence |
| qP | = | photochemical quenching of fluorescence |
| qT | = | transition quenching |
| qZ | = | zeaxanthin-dependent quenching |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
| RuBisCo | = | Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase |
| SIF | = | solar-induced fluorescence |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Data sharing not applicable – no new data generated
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.