741
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Good Roads and Anti-Black Violence

Pages 567-580 | Received 01 Jun 2020, Accepted 09 Aug 2022, Published online: 14 Oct 2022
 

Abstract

Following Progressive-era advocacy (1890–1930), a modernized road work site emerged in the U.S. South designed to be populated by mobile fleets of Black imprisoned laborers. The forced road work dislodged U.S. roads from their localized production and maintenance so they could assume an expert-led, technological form—physically and discursively. On the road, however, labor was merely a means of violently reifying hierarchical racial differences, making the “good road” a monument to the modern persistence of state-enacted anti-Blackness. This article assesses the emergence of this regional, racial system of anti-Black violence alongside the undertheorized spatial situation of the imprisoned laborers themselves by consulting the report of Bayard Rustin following time spent on a Roxboro, North Carolina, prison road work camp. The report recounts his own experiences along with those of other men, as well as their songs. The laborers’ firsthand accounts foreground persistent desires for loves, families, and homes beyond the racial capitalist traumas undergirding U.S. transportation geographies.

1890至1930年期间, 根据“进步时代”倡议(Progressive era), 美国南部出现了黑人监狱劳工流动居住的现代化筑路工地。强制筑路抹去了美国道路建设和维护的本地化特征, 从而可以采用专家主导的、物理和描述上的技术形式。然而, 筑路劳动仅仅是通过暴力实现种族等级差异的一种手段, “优质道路”成为国家反黑人政策的纪念碑。本文通过Bayard Rustin对北卡罗来纳州Roxboro监狱劳工筑路营地的报告, 评价了这一区域性和种族性反黑人暴力体系的出现, 揭示了监狱劳工空间状况理论的匮乏。报告叙述了Bayard Rustin等人的经历和歌曲。第一手劳工资料显示了美国运输地理的种族资本主义伤害, 尤其显示出对爱情、家庭和家园的持续渴望。

Después de la defensa de la era progresista (1890–1930), surgió en el Sur americano una obra vial modernizada, pensada para ser poblada con flotas móviles de trabajadores negros encarcelados. El trabajo forzado de carretera privó a las carreteras de los Estados Unidos de su producción y mantenimiento localizados para que se pudiere asumir una forma tecnológica dirigida por expertos –física y discursivamente–. En la carretera, sin embargo, el trabajo era apenas un medio violento para reificar las diferencias raciales jerárquicas, haciendo de la “buena carretera” un monumento a la persistencia moderna de la anti-negritud promulgada por el Estado. Este artículo evalúa la aparición de este sistema regional y racial de violencia anti-negra junto con la situación espacial escasamente teorizada de los propios trabajadores presos, consultando el informe de Bayard Rustin, luego de su tiempo pasado en prisión en un campo de trabajo de carretera en Roxboro, Carolina del Norte. El informe da cuenta de propias experiencias junto con las de otros hombres, así como sus canciones. Los relatos de primera mano de los trabajadores destacan los deseos persistentes de amores, familias y hogares, más allá de los traumas raciales capitalistas inmersos en las geografías del transporte de los Estados Unidos.

Notes

1 “Julie” and “Jody” are recorded in Jackson’s (Citation1972) Wake Up Dead Man. Although Jackson recorded these songs in 1960s Texas prison camps that were not for road construction, they reflect the encompassing genre.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Darius Scott

DARIUS SCOTT is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. His research interests include oral history, sexual stigma, and Black geographies.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.