Probiotics in treating with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

ABSTRACT

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are both serious chronic liver diseases worldwide. The cause of ALD is chronic alcoholism. NAFLD is a metabolic syndrome caused by excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells without consumption of alcohol. Although the pathogeneses of these two liver diseases are different, the traditional treatments for these two liver diseases are mainly drug treatment. Drug treatment works quickly, but long-term use may produce side effects. Studies demonstrated that probiotics as a natural substance played a unique role in improving liver and intestinal health. This review overviews the pathogenesis of ALD and NAFLD, summarizes the health effects of probiotics in the treatment of ALD and NAFLD, and discusses the treating mechanisms of probiotics in order to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

KEYWORDS:

• Pathogenesis
• gut permeability
• insulin resistance
• oxidative stress
• triglyceride

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the [National Key Research and Development

Program of China] under Grant [number 2017YFE0105400];

[Jilin province government Project] under Grant [number 20200403163SF].

Disclosure statement

No potential competing interest was reported by the author(s).

List of abbreviations

ALD=alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD=non alcoholic liver disease, TNF=tumor necrosis factor, TLR=toll-like receptor, CyP2E1=cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1, HIF=hypoxia-inducible factor, ITF=intestinal trefoil factor, P-pg=P-glycoprotein, CRAMP=cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide, SREBP=sterol regulatory element-binding protein, SCD=stearoyl-CoA desaturase, PAPR-α=peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α, CPT-1=carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, BCl-2=B-cell lymphoma-2, Bax=Bcl2-Associated X, FFA=free fatty acids, LPS=lipopolysaccharide, TG=triglyceride, MDA=malondialdehyde, ITF=intestinal trefoil factor, IL=interleukin, IFN-γ=interferon-γ, E.coli=Escherichi coli, NF-κB=nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, STNFR=soluble TNF receptor, 4-HNE=4-hydroxynonenal, h-CRP=h-c-reactive protein, SIBO=small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, AST=aspirate aminotransferase, iNOS=inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2=cyclooxygenase, MMP=matrix metalloproteinase, IR=insulin resistance, NKT=nature killer T cells, JNK=Jun N-terminal kinase, UCP-2=uncoupling protein, LDL=low density lipoprotein, TRAP=trapping antioxidant potential, GSH-PX=glutathione peroxides, ROS=reactive oxygen species, HDL=high density lipoprotein, MS=metabolic syndrome, ALT=alanine aminotransferase, γ-GT=gamma-glutamine transferases, BMI=body mass index, HOMA-IR= homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, CRP=C-reactive Protein.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Jilin province government Project [20200403163SF]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFE0105400].