https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-0982
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ABSTRACT
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are inflammatory conditions characterized by bowel disruption and the involvement of the immune system and can be associated with the development of colorectal cancer. Conventional therapeutic approaches are based on administering drugs capable of modulating the inflammatory response; however, many patients are irresponsive to conventional therapies. Grapes are largely used in producing wine, juice, jam, and other products. However, the waste from the production process represents an environmental problem. On the other hand, grape by-products are rich in bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and flavonols. These compounds can help in the prevention or in treatment of several conditions such as IBD and colorectal cancer. Grape by-products can promote remarkable effects in reducing pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and proliferative actions in IBD and CRC both in vivo and in vitro. These effects are related to the improvement of epithelial integrity, reduction of Disease Activity Index, mucosal barrier reinforcement, induction of strong chemopreventive actions, reduction of tumor incidence, and cell proliferation.
Acknowledgments
The authors attribute credits to Smart Servier (https://smart.servier.com/) due to the provision of scientific images that were considered in this article under an attribution license of public copyrights (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) and the disclaimer of warranties. All Smart Servier’s images were not changed in the writing of this article. Assessed on 10 November 2022.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, R.D., S.M.B., and L.F.L.; methodology, S.M.B., M.E.F., R.A.G., and L.F.L.; validation, R.D., S.M.B., and A.M.M.B.O.; formal analysis, S.M.B., and L.F.L.; investigation, R.D., S.M.B., M.E.F., R.A.G; resources, S.M.B. and K.P.S.; data curation, S.M.B., K.P.S. and L.A.S.; writing – original draft preparation, S.M.B., A.M.M.B.O., and L.F.L.; writing – review and editing, R.D., M.E.F., S.M.B., and L.F.L.; visualization, S.M.B., R.A.G., and L.F.L; supervision, R.D., S.M.B and L.F.L.; project administration, S.M.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.