Influence of Edible Films upon the Moisture Loss and Microstructure of Dietetic Sucrose-Free Sponge Cakes during Storage

ABSTRACT

The kinetics of changes in the bound water content in dietetic sucrose-free sponge cakes (DC) during storage was investigated. The effect of edible films of polymyxan, pectin, xanthan, and carboxymethylcellulose upon this kinetics was also investigated. The quantitative changes in both states of water (slightly bound water and strongly bound water) were registered by combined dynamic analysis (thermogravimetry analysis, TGA, and differential thermal analysis, DTA). The moisture changes in DC crumb were analyzed by drying out to constant mass. The rate constants were determined according the equation q = q_oe^−kt. The values of rate constants ‘k’, in day⁻¹, concerning the different edible films were as follows: for crumb moisture is (8.00 ≤ k ≤ 12.47) × 10⁻³, for bound water is (3.07 ≤ k_w ≤ 6.26) × 10⁻², for slightly bound water is (4.22 ≤ k₁ ≤ 8.49) × 10⁻² and for strongly bound water is (2.02 ≤ k₂ ≤ 5.62) × 10⁻² as compared to 18.53 × 10⁻³, 7.16 × 10⁻², 9.04 × 10⁻², and 5.36 × 10⁻² in the uncovered DC, respectively. The best water-retaining effect in respect to crumb moisture during storage was ascertained in the use of polymyxan and xanthan films. The lowest rate constant values for bound water and its two states were measured for DC covered with pectin. The relation between the kinetics of both bound water states during storage and ageing of the crumb of DC covered with different edible films and the crumb microstructure was represented. By means of scanning electron microscope was read the smallest change in crumb microstructure of pectin-covered DC on the sixth day of storage.

Keywords:

• Cake without sucrose staling
• Edible coatings
• Product dry shrinkage
• Scanning electron microscopy
• Water-retaining capacity

Notes

^a Two states of total bound water determined by thermogravimetry analysis: Water 1=slightly bound water; Water 2=strongly bound water.

^b Mean values are not statistically different (p ≤ 0.05).

^c Rate constants: k is the rate constant of the process of moisture change during storage; k₁ is the rate constant of the process of slightly bound water change during storage; k₂ is the rate constant of the process of strongly bound water change during storage; k_w is the rate constant of the process of total bound water change during storage.