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Original Articles

Characterization of Volatiles in the Six Most Well-Known Distilled Spirits

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Pages 161-169 | Published online: 05 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and applied for the qualitative or semi-quantitative characterization of the volatile fraction of the six most well-known distilled spirits in the world, including gin, brandy, rum, vodka, whiskey, and Chinese liquor. Among the 158 volatile compounds identified, 25 were common to the six distilled spirits, and they were primarily represented by esters, higher alcohols, and benzene derivatives, such as ethyl hexanoate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol. These compounds were tentatively identified or identified by comparing mass spectra and retention indices of the standards or from literature sources. According to statistical analysis, significant differences in volatiles were recorded among the six distilled spirits. Furthermore, quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) demonstrated that the whole aroma characteristics of whiskey and rum were most related to each other, while gin and vodka were distinctive enough to recognize them due to their unique and intense juniper and alcoholic aromas, respectively.

RESUMEN

Un método del espacio de cabeza por microextracción en fase sólida (HS-SPME) acoplada a cromatografía de gas-espectrometría de masa (GC-MS) fue desarrollado y aplicado para la caracterización cualitativa o semi-cuantitativa de la fracción volátil de los seis más destilada bien conocido espíritus en el mundo, incluyendo la ginebra, el brandy, el ron, la vodka, el whisky y el licor chino. Entre los 158 de compuestos volátiles identificados, 25 eran comunes a los seis licores destilados, y que estaban representados principalmente por ésteres, alcoholes superiores, y derivados de benceno, tales como hexanoato de etilo, 3-metil-1-butanol y 2-feniletanol. Estos compuestos fueron identificados tentativamente o identificados mediante la comparación de los espectros de masas y los índices de retención de las normas o de fuentes bibliográficas. Según el análisis estadístico, se registraron diferencias significativas en los compuestos volátiles entre las seis bebidas destiladas. Además, el análisis descriptivo cuantitativo (QDA) demostró que la totalidad de las características de aroma de whisky y ron eran más relacionadas entre sí, mientras que la ginebra y el vodka eran lo suficientemente distintivo para reconocer ellos debido a su única e intensa enebro y aromas alcohólicas, respectivamente.

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