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Original Articles

Yeast Strain Development for Enhanced Production of Desirable Alcohols/Esters in Beer

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Pages 153-156 | Published online: 06 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

Bottom-fermenting brewing yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum, was induced to produce higher levels of desirable alcohols and esters (isoamyl acetate and phenylethyl acetate) in beer by selection on media containing amino acid analogues 5,5,5,-trifluoro-DL-leucine and fluoro-dl-phenylalanine, respectively. The isolated mutants have apparently lost their ability to regulate amino acid biosynthesis by means of feedback repression of the key enzymes in these pathways, which resulted in over-production of the corresponding keto acids. After decarboxylation and reduction, the resulting alcohols were esterified by alcohol acetyltransferase. Three- and nine-liter laboratory fermentations showed that selected mutants produced substantially greater amounts of alcohols, as well as their corresponding esters, in beer when compared with the parental strain. It is suggested that changing the regulation of key enzymes in amino acid synthesis can be used for the enhancement of desirable alcohols and esters in beer.

Resumen

Una levadura cervecera de fermentación baja, Saccharomyces uvarum, fue inducida a producir niveles más altos de alcoholes y ésteres deseables (acetato de isoamilo y acetato de feniletilo) en cerveza por selección de colonias en un medio conteniendo los análogos de aminoácidos, 5,5,5-trifluoro-dl-leucina (TFL) y fluoro-dl-fenilalanina, respectivamente. Las mutantes aisladas perdieron aparentemente su habilidad para regular la biosíntesis de aminoácidos por medio del mecanismo de represión de las enzimas clave en estas vías, lo cual resultó en una sobreproducción de los correspondientes cetoácidos. Después de la descarboxilación y redincción, los alcoholes fueron esterificados con alcohol acetil transferasa (AATase). Fermentaciones a nivel laboratorio con tres y nueve litros, demostraron que las cepas mutantes aisladas produjeron mayores cantidades de los alcoholes y de sus correspondientes ésteres en cerveza comparados con la cepa original. Se propone que el cambio en la regulación de las enzimas claves en la síntasis de aminoácidos puede ser usado para incrementar el nivel de alcoholes y ésteres deseables en cerveza.

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