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Original Articles

Continuous Primary Fermentation of Beer with Yeast Immobilized on Spent Grains—The Effect of Operational Conditions

Fermentación Primaria Continua de Cerveza con Levadura Inmovilizada en Granos Gastados—El Efecto de Condiciones Operacionales

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Pages 29-34 | Received 26 Aug 2003, Accepted 20 Oct 2003, Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

A one-stage continuous primary beer fermentation with immobilized brewing yeast was studied. The objective of the work was to optimize the operational conditions (aeration and temperature) in terms of volumetric productivity and organoleptic quality of green beer. The system consisted of an internal-loop airlift reactor and a carrier material prepared from spent grains (a brewing by-product). An industrial wort and yeast strain were used. The immobilized biomass (in amounts from two to sevenfold greater than free biomass) contributed 45–75% to the total fermentation. The volumetric productivity of the continuous system was as much as five times higher than that of the batch fermentation. An optimum higher-alcohols-to-esters ratio in green beer was found at approximately 2 mg/L of oxygen dissolved in wort, mixing induced by pure CO2, and temperatures at 13–16°C. At high total biomass concentration, the diacetyl formation was low, and the volumetric productivity of the system was high. Therefore, the amount of immobilized biomass in the reactor has to be kept at high concentration by regular replacement of the carrier losses.

RESUMEN

Una fermentación primaria continua de una etapa de cerveza con levadura cervecera inmovilizada fue estudiada. El objetivo del trabajo era optimizar las condiciones operacionales (aireación y temperatura) en términos de la productividad volumétrica y calidad organoléptica de la cerveza verde. El sistema consistió de un reactor de transporte aéreo de lazo interno y un material portador preparado de granos gastados (un subproducto de elaboración de cerveza. Una cepa de levadura y mosto industrial fueron utilizados. La biomasa inmovilizada (en cantidades de dos a siete veces mas que la biomasa libre) contribuyó el 45–75% a la fermentación total. La productividad volumétrica del sistema continuo era tanto como cinco veces más que el de fermentación por etapas. Un cociente óptimo de alcohol alto a esteres en cerveza verde fue encontrado aproximadamente a 2 mg/L de oxígeno disuelto en mosto, mezclamiento inducido por el CO2 puro, y temperaturas de 13–16°C. En alta concentración total de biomasa, la formación de diacetilo era baja, y la productividad volumétrica del sistema era alta. Por lo tanto, la cantidad de biomasa inmovilizada en el reactor tiene que ser guardada en alta concentración por el reemplazo regular de las pérdidas del portador.

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