Overproduction of Human Myt1 Kinase Induces a G₂ Cell Cycle Delay by Interfering with the Intracellular Trafficking of Cdc2-Cyclin B1 Complexes

Abstract

The Myt1 protein kinase functions to negatively regulate Cdc2-cyclin B complexes by phosphorylating Cdc2 on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15. Throughout interphase, human Myt1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, whereas Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Here we report that overproduction of either kinase-active or kinase-inactive forms of Myt1 blocked the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of cyclin B1 and caused cells to delay in the G₂ phase of the cell cycle. The COOH-terminal 63 amino acids of Myt1 were identified as a Cdc2-cyclin B1 interaction domain. Myt1 mutants lacking this domain no longer bound cyclin B1 and did not efficiently phosphorylate Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes in vitro. In addition, cells overproducing mutant forms of Myt1 lacking the interaction domain exhibited normal trafficking of cyclin B1 and unperturbed cell cycle progression. These results suggest that the docking of Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes to the COOH terminus of Myt1 facilitates the phosphorylation of Cdc2 by Myt1 and that overproduction of Myt1 perturbs cell cycle progression by sequestering Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes in the cytoplasm.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank M. Yoshida for providing LMB and H. Hermeking and B. Vogelstein for recombinant adenovirus encoding β-GAL. We thank Zhiqi Wu for technical assistance, Jeff Stanton for the human cyclin B1 antibody, and Julie Schwarz, David Crawford, and Paul Graves for helpful suggestions and comments.

This work was supported by the NIH and by NIH postdoctoral fellowships to F.L. and C.R.-O. H.P.-W. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.