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Original Articles

Rendimiento académico y enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lectoescritura en Educación Infantil y Primaria: un estudio longitudinal

Academic achievement and teaching-learning to read and write in Preschool and Primary Education: A longitudinal study

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Pages 265-276 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio consiste en analizar la influencia de la aplicación de un programa de intervención psicoeducativa de la lectoescritura en el rendimiento académico de Educación Infantil y Primaria. El programa pretende fomentar el desarrollo psicolingüístico y priorizar el lenguaje escrito en el curriculum desde edades tempranas. La muestra está formada por un total de 106 alumnos pertenecientes a zonas socioculturales medio-bajas, con inteligencia normal y sin handicaps físicos, psíquicos y/o sensoriales. Los alumnos están distribuidos en dos grupos, el grupo experimental, al que se le aplica el programa desde los cuatro años hasta los seis años, y el grupo control, que sigue el curriculum escolar oficial. El diseño es longitudinal de medidas repetidas, con cuatro fases de evaluación y tres de intervención. Los resultados encontrados muestran como el grupo experimental alcanza mejor rendimiento académico en cada año de aplicación del programa que el grupo control. Se propone, por tanto, un cambio en los objetivos curriculares que implique la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lectoescritura desde edades tempranas (4 a 6 años).

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of implementing a literacy psycho-educational intervention programme on the academic achievement of Preschool and Primary school children. The programme seeks to emphasize psycholinguistic development and give priority to reading and writing activities in the school curriculum from an early age. The sample consisted of 106 children from a medium-low socio-cultural area, of normal intelligence and without physical, psychological and/or sensory handicaps. The children were distributed into two groups: the experimental group, who participated in the intervention programme from ages 4 to 6 years, and the control group, who followed the official school curriculum. A longitudinal design with repeated measures, with four evaluation and three intervention phases, was applied. The results showed that the experimental group attained higher academic achievement after each year in the intervention programme than the control group. It is suggested that a change in teaching and learning methods is needed, and that the standard reading and writing curriculum must start from an early age (4 to 6 years).

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