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Studies in Psychology
Estudios de Psicología
Volume 15, 1994 - Issue 51
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Original Articles

Importancia de las habilidades de análisis fonológico en el aprendizaje de la lectura y de la escritura

The importance of phonological analysis skills on reading and writing acquisition

Pages 59-70 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar qué efecto tiene la enseñanza de habilidades de análisis fonológico sobre el aprendizaje de la lectura y de la escritura. Vara la enseñanza de tales habilidades a niños prelectores se construyen varios programas, consistentes en juegos metalinguísticos de diverso tipo: rima, identificación de fonemas y omisión de fonemas. Los resultados muestran que es posible desarrollar habilidades fonológicas en los niños de Educación Infantil antes del aprendizaje de la lectura y de la escritura, siendo preciso para conseguir tal desarrollo una enseñanza explícita. También se demuestra que la enseñanza de habilidades fonológicas tiene un efecto facilitador del aprendizaje de la lectura y de la escritura, observándose mayores efectos si en esta enseñanza se emplean tareas que requieran manipular fonemas. Además, el desarrollo de estas habilidade fonológicas puede influir en el tipo de estrategia inicial que los niños utilicen para leer y escribir palabras, pudiendo ser en ambos casos una estrategia “fonológica”.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of the teaching of phonological analysis abilities on reading and writing acquisition. For teaching these abilities in preliterate children several programs were created. These programs consisted of different metalinguistic games: rhyme, phoneme identity, and phoneme deleting. The results showed that phonological abilities can be developed among preschool children before reading and writing acquisition, explicit teaching being required for this development. It was also demonstrated that teaching of phonological abilities can have a facilitating effect on subsequent reading and writing acquisition, observing major effects if tasks requiring phoneme manipulation were used. Moreover, the development of phonological abilities can have an influence on the kind of initial strategy that children use to read and to write words; such strategies could be “phonological” in both cases.

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