Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Screening Among Women from 65 to 74 Years of Age: Trends from 1987–1993 and Barriers to Screening

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer mortality is decreasing for elderly white women but increasing for elderly black women. National surveys were used to study racial differences in breast cancer screening and effects of Medicare funding for mammography and to examine explanatory factors. A total of 13,545 women, aged 65–74, from the Health Care Finance Administration's Master Beneficiary File participated. After Medicare funding for screening mammography, the percent reporting a mammogram increased for white women, but not for black women. Clinical breast examination and breast self-examination decreased. Physician's recommendation, geographic area, education level and health status were the variables significantly affecting mammography usage for both races. Physicians recommended mammography more often if women were white, married, educated beyond high school and had an annual income greater than $20,000. These results support the need to design and test strategies specifically for black women and interventions to emphasize physician recommendations for breast cancer screening.

KEYWORDS:

• Breast cancer screening
• mammography
• Medicare funding
• racial differences
• barriers to screening