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Abstract
The natural history of brainstem cavernous malformation is particularly complex. Currently, there is a wide range of reported annual rates of hemorrhage. Many studies report a significantly higher rate of hemorrhage and/or rehemorrhage in cavernous malformations located in the brainstem, but this is quite controversial. It is possible that brainstem cavernous malformations have a higher risk of hemorrhage and rehemorrhage, but reported variance in the literature may also be due to study limitations along with selection, patient and disease-specific; follow-up; and recall bias. An accurate assessment of hemorrhagic risk along with evaluation of patient and lesion-specific characteristics is critical in the decision-making process for potential intervention, as microsurgical intervention can significantly decrease the risk of future hemorrhage, but may be associated with significant complications.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The author has no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.