Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: strategies and effectiveness

Abstract

Although present conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines can prevent clinical disease, protection is short lived (∼6 months), often requiring frequent revaccination for prophylactic control, and vaccination does not induce rapid protection against challenge or prevent the development of the carrier state. Furthermore, it is clear that the clinical protection depends upon the length of immunization and the duration of exposure/challenge methods. This review summarizes the present and future strategies for FMD control in endemic and FMD-free countries, the effectiveness of FMD vaccines in cattle, sheep and pigs, new methods for selecting vaccine strains, suggestions for alternative methods of vaccine testing, suggestions for the development of new-generation efficacious vaccines and their companion tests to differentiate infection in vaccinated animals.

Keywords::

• detection of FMD virus carrier animals
• FMD control strategies in endemic and FMD-free countries
• foot-and-mouth disease
• foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
• new-generation FMD vaccines
• vaccine efficacy in cattle, sheep and pigs
• vaccine matching and selection
• vaccine testing

Financial & competing interests disclosure

Satya Parida is funded by Defra, UK (Project SE1122 and SE1125). Parida is a WP (4.3) member of EU Network of Excellence, EPIZONE (contact number Foot-CT-2006-016236) and adjunct professor to Murdoch University, Australia. Thanks are due to Mana Mahapatra for her careful reading and Aravindh Babu for his help in end note preparation. The author has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.