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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease in men. Several therapeutic agents have been approved during the last 10 years. Among them, radium-223 dichloride (Xofigo®) is a radioactive isotope that induces irreversible DNA double-strand breaks and consequently tumor cell death. Radium-223 dichloride is a calcium-mimetic agent that specifically targets bone lesions. Radium-223 dichloride has been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases, without known visceral metastases. In this review, first we summarize the interplay between prostate tumor cells and bone microenvironment; then, we discuss radium-223 dichloride mechanism of action and present the results of the available clinical trials and future developments for this new drug.
Acknowledgments
This work has been facilitated by the Intergroupe Coopérateur Francophone de Recherche en Onco-urologie (ICFuro). This consortium brings together cooperating groups, scientific associations, and researchers working on clinical, basic, and translational research in urologic oncology in France and French-speaking countries. ICFuro objective is to promote all aspects of urologic oncology research and to allow the emergence of interdisciplinary, large-scale research programs.
The authors would like to thank ICFuro and specifically the “radium 223 – CPRC” French working group experts for bibliography reviewing and clinical data appraisal: oncologists (P Beuzeboc, Paris – N Houédé, Nîmes – I Krakowski, Bordeaux – C Thibault, Paris); urologists (JL Descotes, Grenoble – X Rebillard, Montpellier, M Roumiguie, Toulouse, F Rozet, Paris); nuclear physicians (F Cachin, Clermont-Ferrand – F Courbon, Toulouse – E Deshayes, Montpellier – D Huglo, Lille – JP Vuillez, Grenoble); radiotherapist (C Hennequin, Paris); geriatrician (V Fossey-Diaz, Paris); pharmacist (F Corréard, Marseille); and ICFuro methodologist (D Kassab-Chahmi, Paris).
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.