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Review

A comprehensive overview on osteoporosis and its risk factors

, , &
Pages 2029-2049 | Published online: 06 Nov 2018
 

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder with remarkable changes in bone biologic material and consequent bone structural distraction, affecting millions of people around the world from different ethnic groups. Bone fragility is the worse outcome of the disease, which needs long term therapy and medical management, especially in the elderly. Many involved genes including environmental factors have been introduced as the disease risk factors so far, of which genes should be considered as effective early diagnosis biomarkers, especially for the individuals from high-risk families. In this review, a number of important criteria involved in osteoporosis are addressed and discussed.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Ms Atieh Abedin from the medical genetics group, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, for her efforts in manuscript editing.

Disclosure

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.