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Immunotherapy Volume 12, 2020 - Issue 7
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Review

Non-Coding RNA and Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: Friends or Foes?

Dmitrii Shek1 Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia;2 Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, RussiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-0842View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Scott A Read1 Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia;3 Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;6 Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-2061View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Liia Akhuba2 Accreditation Centre, RUDN University, Moscow, RussiaView further author information
,
Liang Qiao3 Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;4 Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaView further author information
,
Bo Gao4 Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;6 Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaView further author information
,
Adnan Nagrial4 Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;6 Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaView further author information
,
Matteo S Carlino4 Westmead Hospital & Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;5 Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia;6 Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaView further author information
&
Golo Ahlenstiel1 Blacktown Clinical School & Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia;3 Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia;6 Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-1457View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Pages 513-529 | Received 13 Nov 2019, Accepted 14 Apr 2020, Published online: 07 May 2020
 
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Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant component of the human transcriptome. Their biological role, however, remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, ncRNAs are highly associated with cancer development and progression due to their ability to modulate gene expression, protein translation and growth pathways. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are considered one of the most promising and highly effective therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 signalling pathways that stimulate T cell cytotoxicity and can result in tumor growth suppression. This Review will summarize existing knowledge regarding ncRNAs and their role in cancer and ICI therapy. In addition, we will discuss potential mechanisms by which ncRNAs may influence ICI treatment outcomes.

Author contributions

All authors made substantial contributions to conception, design and writing.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This project was supported by the Ainsworth Bequest to the School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, the Robert W Storr Bequest to the Sydney Medical Foundation, University of Sydney. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported by the Ainsworth Bequest to the School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, the Robert W Storr Bequest to the Sydney Medical Foundation, University of Sydney. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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