Design of experiments utilization to map the processing capabilities of a micro-spray dryer: particle design and throughput optimization in support of drug discovery

Abstract

There has been a growing interest in amorphous solid dispersions for bioavailability enhancement in drug discovery. Spray drying, as shown in this study, is well suited to produce prototype amorphous dispersions in the Candidate Selection stage where drug supply is limited. This investigation mapped the processing window of a micro-spray dryer to achieve desired particle characteristics and optimize throughput/yield. Effects of processing variables on the properties of hypromellose acetate succinate were evaluated by a fractional factorial design of experiments. Parameters studied include solid loading, atomization, nozzle size, and spray rate. Response variables include particle size, morphology and yield. Unlike most other commercial small-scale spray dryers, the ProCepT was capable of producing particles with a relatively wide mean particle size, ca. 2–35 µm, allowing material properties to be tailored to support various applications. In addition, an optimized throughput of 35 g/hour with a yield of 75–95% was achieved, which affords to support studies from Lead-identification/Lead-optimization to early safety studies. A regression model was constructed to quantify the relationship between processing parameters and the response variables. The response surface curves provide a useful tool to design processing conditions, leading to a reduction in development time and drug usage to support drug discovery.

Keywords::

• Amorphous
• spray drying
• DOE
• drug discovery
• solid dispersion
• HPMCAS

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge our colleagues for their help with this project, Caroline McGregor (Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences), Justin Moser (Formulation Sciences), Mike Lowinger (Formulation Sciences), Jolanta Plewa (Project Planning) and Craig Mckelvey (Formulation Sciences).

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.