Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M₁ biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins

Nicole J. MitchellCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University College Station, TXUSA

Justice KumiNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana Legon, AccraGhana

Natalie M. JohnsonCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University College Station, TXUSA;Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MDUSA

Eunice DotseNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana Legon, AccraGhana

Alicia Marroquin-CardonaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University College Station, TXUSA;Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Escobedo, Nuevo LeonMexico

Jia-Sheng WangCollege of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, GAUSA

Pauline E. JollySchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, ALUSA

Nii-Ayi AnkrahNoguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana Legon, AccraGhana

Timothy D. PhillipsCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University College Station, TXUSACorrespondence[email protected]

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Abstract

Aflatoxin B₁ is a persistent public health issue in Ghana. Assessment of AFB₁ intervention efficacy is currently dependent on long-term biomarkers. This study was designed to determine whether daily AFM₁ biomarker levels could be utilized as an early detection method for intervention efficacy. Participants were treated with a refined calcium montmorillonite clay (UPSN) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) in a crossover study. Urine samples were assessed for AFM₁ levels daily. UPSN treatment reduced AFM₁ biomarkers by 55% compared to the placebo. This is the first study to show that daily urinary AFM₁ levels can be used as a biomarker of internal aflatoxin B₁ exposure in short-term intervention trials to determine efficacy.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the on-site physicians, technicians and other health personnel at the Ejura District Health Services.

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Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M₁ biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins

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Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M1 biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins

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Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M₁ biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins